Increasing Vascular Complications Depends on The Duration Disease of Having Been Diabetic Type 2

Angiopathy is a major complication in (T2-DM), Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is considered the main vasoconstrictor (a mitogenic endothelium-derived peptide is mostly, produced by endothelial cells, as well by vascular smooth muscle cells, macrophages, and other cells). Previous studies suggested a link between T2-DM and ET-1. This paper aims to study the association between Endothelin-1 (ET-1) as a marker of endothelial dysfunction and the duration disease among patients with T2-DM, and to identify the effects of obesity and insulin resistance on elevated Endothelin level. The study includes 96 patients with T2-DM, aged between (45-70) years, (56.73 ± 9.14 years) is an average duration of having T2-DM (14.541± 11.462) years, and 96 healthy control subjects, aged (45-70) years, (56.42 ± 8.74 years). We show that the excess of ET-1 level was clearly linked with the duration of T2-DM, where the plasma Endothelin level was significantly changed among the studied groups (according to their duration) (11.607 ±0.783), (13.641± 0.729), (17.736 ± 3.409), (33.816 ± 12.902), (81.165 ± 35.404), and (156.783 ± 12.671) pg/mL respectively. Plasma ET-1 levels significant is positively correlated with T2-DM (R² = 0.9711, p ≤ 0.01), with obesity, insulin resistance, age, HOMO-IR, hypertension, and HDL level (p ≤ 0.05). As a conclusion, the plasma ET-1 level was significantly elevated as long as having been T2-DM.