Open AccessA Type 1 Diabetes Genetic Risk Score Predicts Progression of Islet Autoimmunity and Development of Type 1 Diabetes in Individuals at Risk
Author(s) -
María J. Redondo,
Susan Geyer,
Andrea K. Steck,
Seth A. Sharp,
John M. Wentworth,
Michael N. Weedon,
Peter A. Antinozzi,
Jay M. Sosenko,
Mark A. Atkinson,
Alberto Pugliese,
Richard A. Oram,
Manuela Battaglia,
Dorothy J. Becker,
P. J. Bingley,
Emanuele Bosi,
Jan C. Buckner,
Peter G. Colman,
Peter A. Gottlieb,
Kevan C. Herold,
Richard A. Insel,
Tom Kay,
Mikael Knip,
Jennifer B. Marks,
Antoinette Moran,
James L. Palmer,
Mark Peakman,
Louis H. Philipson,
P. Raskin,
Henry Rodriguez,
Bart O. Roep,
William E. Russell,
Desmond Schatz,
Diane K. Wherrett,
Darrell M. Wilson,
William E. Winter,
AnetteGabriele Ziegler,
Christophe Benoist,
J.J. Blum,
Peter Chase,
Michael ClareSalzler,
Raphael Clynes,
George S. Eisenbarth,
C. Garrison Fathman,
Gilman D. Grave,
Bernhard J. Hering,
Francine Kaufman,
Ellen W. Leschek,
J. Mahon,
Kirsti NäntöSalonen,
Gerald T. Nepom,
Tihamer Orban,
Robertson Parkman,
Mark D. Pescovitz,
John Peyman,
Maria Grazia Roncarolo,
Olli Simell,
Robert Sherwin,
Mark Siegelman,
James W. Thomas,
Massimo Trucco,
J. Richard Wagner,
Carla J. Greenbaum,
Katarzyna Bourcier,
Jeffrey P. Krischer,
Lisa Rafkin,
Lisa M. Spain,
Catherine C. Cowie,
Mary A. Foulkes,
Heidi KrauseSteinrauf,
John M. Lachin,
Saúl Malozowski,
J P Ridge,
Peter J. Savage,
Jay S. Skyler,
Stephanie J. Zafonte,
Norma S. Kenyon,
Irene Santiago,
Brian N. Bundy,
Michael Abbondondolo,
Timothy E. Adams,
Darlene Amado,
Ilma Asif,
Matthew Boonstra,
Cristina Burroughs,
David Cuthbertson,
Mary Deemer,
Christopher Eberhard,
Steve Fiske,
Julie Ford,
Jennifer Garmeson,
Heather Guillette,
Brian Hays,
Courtney Henderson,
Martha Henry,
Kathleen Heyman,
Belinda Hsiao,
Christina Karges,
Nichole Keaton,
Amanda Kinderman,
Pat Law,
Ashely Leinbach,
Cristin Linton,
Shu Liu,
Jennifer Lloyd,
Jamie Malloy,
Kristin Maddox,
Julie Martin,
Jessica Miller,
Éric Milliot,
Margaret Moore,
Sarah Müller,
Thuy Trang Nguyen,
Ryan O’Donnell,
Vanessa Oduah,
Jennifer Pilger,
A. Roberts,
Kelly Sadler,
Tina Stavros,
Roy Tamura,
Keith Wood,
Ping Xu,
Kenneth C. Young,
Persida Alies,
Franz Badias,
Aaron Baker,
Monica Bassi,
Craig A. Beam,
David Boulware,
London Bounmananh,
Susan Bream,
Doug Freeman,
Jessica Gough,
Jinin Ginem,
Moriah Granger,
M C Holloway,
Michelle Kieffer,
Page Lane,
Lavanya Nallamshetty,
Yazandra Parrimon,
Kate Paulus,
Joy Ramiro,
AQesha Luvon Ritzie,
Archana Sharma,
Audrey Shor,
Xiaohong Song,
Amanda Terry,
Jeanne Weinberger,
Margaret Wootten,
Pamela Harding,
Susan McDonough,
Paula McGee,
Kimberly Owens Hess,
Donna Phoebus,
Scott Quinlan,
Erica Raiden,
Emily Batts,
Chris Buddy,
Kristin Kirpatrick,
Mary Ramey,
Ann Shultz,
Chris Webb,
Melita Romesco,
Judith Fradkin,
Emily A. Blumberg,
Gerald J. Beck,
David J. Brillon,
Rose GubitosiKlug,
Lori M. Laffel,
Robert M. Veatch,
Dennis Wallace,
Jonathan Braun,
Åke Lernmark,
Bernard C. Lo,
Herman Mitchell,
Ali Naji,
Jørn Nerup,
Trevor J. Orchard,
Michael W. Steffes,
Anastasios A. Tsiatis,
Bernard Zinman,
Brett Loechelt,
Lindsey R. Baden,
Michael D. Green,
Adriana Weinberg,
Santica M. Marcovina,
Jerry P. Palmer,
Liping Yu,
Sunanda Babu,
Polly J. Bingley,
Linda A. DiMeglio,
Della Matheson,
David RodríguezGómez,
Xiati Zheng,
Sandra Lidia Peralta Peña,
Massimo Pietropaolo,
Tyler Brown,
Jane H. Buckner,
Angela Dove,
Marissa Hammond,
Deborah Hefty,
Jani Klein,
Kristen Kuhns,
McKenzie Letlau,
Sandra Lord,
Marli McCullochOlson,
Lisa M. Miller,
Jared Odegard,
Elaine Sachter,
Marissa St. Marie,
Kimberly Stickney,
Dana VanBuecken,
Ben Vellek,
Christine A. Webber,
Laurie Allen,
Jenna Bollyk,
Nicole Hilderman,
Hebatullah Ismail,
Steve Lamola,
Srinath Sanda,
Heather Vendettuoli,
David Tridgell,
Roshanak Monzavi,
Meredith Bock,
Lynda K. Fisher,
Mary Halvorson,
Debra Jeandron,
Mimi S. Kim,
Jamie Wood,
Mitchell E. Geffner,
Christine Salazar,
Robin Goland,
Steve Cook,
Matthew Freeby,
Mary Gallagher,
Rachelle Gandica,
Ellen Greenberg,
Amy Kurland,
Sarah Pollak,
Amy Wolk,
Mary Chan,
Linda Koplimae,
Elizabeth Levine,
Kelly Smith,
Jeniece Trast,
Janice Blum,
Carmella EvansMolina,
Robin Hufferd,
Bonnie Jagielo,
Christy Kruse,
Vanessa Patrick,
Mark Rigby,
Maria Spall,
Kim Swinney,
Jennifer Terrell,
Lyla Christner,
LeeAnn Ford,
Sheryl Lynch,
M D Stamm Menendez,
Patricia Merrill,
Cielo Alleyn,
David A. Baidal,
S.D. Fay,
Jason L. Gaglia,
Brittany Resnick,
Sarah Szubowicz,
Gordon C. Weir,
Ronald Benjamin,
Debbie Conboy,
Andrea deManbey,
Richard A. Jackson,
Heyam Jalahej,
T Orban,
Alyne Ricker,
Joseph I. Wolfsdorf,
Huihui Zhang,
Tandy Aye,
Bonita K. Baker,
Karen Barahona,
Bruce A. Buckingham,
Kerry Esrey,
Trudy Esrey,
Garry Fathman,
Radhika Snyder,
Beenu Aneja,
Maya Chatav,
Oralia Espinoza,
Eliana Frank,
Jenny Liu,
Jennifer Perry,
Rebecca Pyle,
Alison Rigby,
Kristin Riley,
Adriana Soto,
Stephen E. Gitelman,
Saleh Adi,
M. S. Anderson,
Ashley Berhel,
Kathy Breen,
Kathleen Fraser,
Andrea GerardGonzalez,
Paula Jossan,
Robert H. Lustig,
Sara Moassesfar,
Amy Mugg,
David C. Ng,
Priya Prahalod,
Martha RangelLugo,
Joshua Tarkoff,
Christine Torok,
Rebecca Wesch,
Ivy R. Aslan,
Jeanne Buchanan,
Jennifer Cordier,
Celia Hamilton,
Louise Hawkins,
Thu Ho,
Anjali Jain,
Karen Ko,
Theresa M. Lee,
Shelly Phelps,
Stephen M. Rosenthal,
Taninee Sahakitrungruang,
Lorraine Stehl,
Lisa A. Taylor,
Marcia Wertz,
Jenise C. Wong,
Rosemary Briars,
Nancy Devine,
Elizabeth Littlejohn,
Tiffany Grant,
Georgeanna J. Klingensmith,
Aimon K. Alkanani,
Kimberly Bautista,
Ruth Bedoy,
Aaron Blau,
B. J. Burke,
Laraine Cory,
Mylinh Dang,
Lisa Fitzgerald-Miller,
Alex Fouts,
Vicky Gage,
Satish K. Garg,
Patricia Gesauldo,
Raymond Gutin,
Cory J. Hayes,
Michelle Hoffman,
Kaitlin Ketchum,
Nyla Logsden-Sackett,
David M. Maahs,
Laurel H. Messer,
Lisa Meyers,
Aaron W. Michels,
Stesha Peacock,
Marian Rewers,
Perla Rodriguez,
Flor Sepulbeda,
Rachel Sippl,
Iman Taki,
Bao-Khan Tran,
Tuan Tran,
R. Paul Wadwa,
Philip Zeitler,
Jennifer M. Barker,
Sandra Barry,
Laurie Birks,
Leah Bomsburger,
Terra Bookert,
Leah Briggs,
Patricia Burdick,
Rosio Cabrera,
Erin Cobry,
Amy Conley Wright,
Gabrielle Cook,
Joseph P. Daniels,
Dominic DiDomenico,
Jennifer Eckert,
Angelica Ehler,
Pamela R. Fain,
Rosanna FialloScharer,
Nicole Frank,
Hannah Goettle,
Michelle Haarhues,
Sherrie Harris,
Lauren Horton,
John C. Hutton,
Joy Jeffrrey,
Rachael Jenison,
Kelly Jones,
Whitney Kastelic,
Maria Amelia King,
Debbie Lehr,
Jenna Lungaro,
Kendra Mason,
Heather Maurer,
Luy Nguyen,
Allison Proto,
Jaime Realsen,
Kristina Schmitt,
Mara Schwartz,
San Skovgaard,
Jennifer Smith,
Brandon Vanderwel,
Mary Voelmle,
R. Wagner,
Amy E. Wallace,
Philip A. Walravens,
Laurie Weiner,
Becky Westerhoff,
Emily Westfall,
Katina Widmer,
Hali Wright,
Annie Abraham,
Miriam Cintrón,
Jessica Ferguson,
Michael J. Haller,
Jennifer Hosford,
Diane Mancini,
Hank Rohrs,
Janet Silverstein,
Jamie Thomas,
Gloria Cole,
Roberta Cook,
Ryan Coy,
Elena Hicks,
Nancy Davis Lewis,
Carlos Blaschke,
Natalia Sanders-Branca,
Luz Divina Arazo,
Ray Arce,
Mario Cisneros,
Samir Sabbag,
Carrie Gibson,
Brian T. Fife,
C. Kwong,
Janice Leschyshyn,
Brandon M. Nathan,
Beth Pappenfus,
Anne Street,
Mary Boes,
Sarah Peterson Eck,
Lois Finney,
Theresa Fischer,
Andrea Martin,
Chenai Jacqueline Muzamhindo,
Missy Rhodes,
John A. Wagner,
Bryan Wood,
Kelli Delallo,
Ana María Díaz,
Barbara Elnyczky,
Ingrid Libman,
Beata Pasek,
Karen Riley,
Brian Copemen,
Diane Gwynn,
Frederico G. S. Toledo,
Sureka Bollepalli,
Frank Diamond,
Emily Eyth,
Danielle Henson,
Anne Lenz,
Dorothy I. Shulman,
Phillip Raskin,
Soumya Adhikari,
Brian Dickson,
Erin Dunnigan,
Ildiko Lingvay,
Lourdes Pruneda,
María A. Ramos-Román,
Philip Raskin,
Chanhaeng Rhee,
John Richard,
Daytheon Sturges,
Kathryn Sumpter,
Perrin C. White,
Marilyn Alford,
Jamie Arthur,
M. Larissa AvilésSanta,
Erica Cordova,
Renee Davis,
Stefani Fernandez,
Steve Fordan,
Tauri Hardin,
Aris Jacobs,
Polina Kaloyanova,
Ivanna Lukacova-Zib,
Sasan Mirfakhraee,
Alok Mohan,
Hiroshi Noto,
Oralenda Smith,
Nenita Torres,
Diana Balmer,
Lesley Eisel,
Roze Kovalakovska,
Mala Mehan,
Farah Sultan,
Brenda Ahenkorah,
José Luis Cevallos,
Natasha Razack,
Mary Jo Ricci,
Angela Rhode,
Mithula Srikandarajah,
Rachel Steger,
Margo Black,
Faith Brendle,
Anne Brown,
Daniel J. Moore,
Eric Pittel,
Alyssa Robertson,
April Shan,
Laurie Feldman,
William V. Tamborlane,
Stuart A. Weinzimer,
Jorma Toppari,
Tiina Kallio,
Maarit Kärkkäinen,
Elina Mäntymäki,
Tiiiininen,
Birgitta Nurmi,
Petro Rajala,
Minna Romo,
Sointu Suomenrinne,
Tuula Simell,
Eleonora Bianconi,
Riccardo Bonfanti,
Pauline Grogan,
Andrea Laurenzi,
Sabina Martinenghi,
Franco Meschi,
Matteo Rocco Pastore,
Luca Falqui,
Maria Teresa Muscato,
Matteo Viscardi,
Harriet Castleden,
Nicola Farthing,
Sam Loud,
Claire Matthews,
Jennifer McGhee,
Ann Morgan,
Joanna Pollitt,
Rebecca Elliot-Jones,
Carole Wheaton,
Heli Siljander,
Heli Suomalainen,
Felicity Healy,
Shelley Mesfin,
Leanne Redl,
Jinny Willis,
Maree Farley,
Leonard C. Harrison,
Christine Perry,
Fiona Williams,
Amalia Mayo,
James W. Paxton,
VW Thompson,
Liisa Volin,
Chloe Fenton,
Lorraine Carr,
E. Lemon,
Michael W. Swank,
Mary K. Luidens,
M. Salgam,
Vasuda Sharma,
David S. Schade,
Charles M. King,
Richard D. Carano,
Jason A. Vander Heiden,
Norman D. Means,
Leroy Holman,
Ian J. Thomas,
David Madrigal,
Timothy Muth,
C. L. Martin,
Cynthia Plunkett,
C. Ramm,
Richard J. Auchus,
Wendy Lane,
E. Avots,
Mary Buford,
Clarence Hale,
J.C. HOYLE,
Benjamin C. Lane,
Andrew Muir,
S E Shuler,
Nicholas Raviele,
E. Ivie,
Margaret A. Jenkins,
Karen L. Lindsley,
I. Hansen,
Doris Fadoju,
Eric I. Felner,
B. Bode,
RaShonda Hosey,
Julian Sax,
Craig Jefferies,
Stuart I. Mannering,
R. Prentis,
JinXiong She,
Max E. Stachura,
Diane Hopkins,
Joshua Williams,
Leigh Steed,
E. Asatapova,
S. Nunez,
Sarah Knight,
Peter H. Dixon,
Jared Ching,
Thomas Donner,
S. Longnecker,
K. Abel,
Kristin M. Arcara,
Scott M. Blackman,
Lorraine F. Clark,
Debbie Cooke,
Leslie Plotnick,
Phillip A. Levin,
Lee A. Bromberger,
Kathleen Klein,
Katarzyna Sadurska,
Catherine Allen,
Dominique S. Michaud,
Hubert L. Snodgrass,
George A. Burghen,
Sheena Chatha,
Charles M. Clark,
Jay Silverberg,
Carrie Wittmer,
Jacqueline A. Gardner,
Christhope Leboeuf,
P. M. Bell,
O. McGlore,
H Tennet,
N. Alba,
M. Carroll,
L. Baert,
H. Beaton,
E. Cordell,
Aveni Haynes,
C. Reed,
Katie E. Lichter,
P. McCarthy,
Susan McCarthy,
Travis Monchamp,
Jared C. Roach,
S. Manies,
F. Gunville,
L. Marosok,
T. Nelson,
Kathryn E. Ackerman,
Joachim Rudolph,
M. Stewart,
Ken McCormick,
May S,
Theresa Falls,
Timothy Barrett,
Kelly Dale,
Lydiah Makusha,
C. McTernana,
K. Penny-Thomas,
K. Sullivan,
Parth Narendran,
Jayne Robbie,
D. Smith,
Randal Christensen,
Barry E. Koehler,
C. Royal,
Timothy D. Arthur,
Harold B. Houser,
J. Renaldi,
S. Watsen,
Peihong Wu,
L. Lyons,
Brent House,
Jianjiang Yu,
Helen Holt,
Monica Larissa Nation,
C. F. H. Vickers,
R. Watling,
Rubina A. Heptulla,
C. G. Agarwal,
D. J. Newell,
Ranjitha Katikaneni,
Chris Gardner,
A. Del Rio,
Aaron C. Logan,
Hilde Collier,
Chloe Rishton,
Gillian Whalley,
Ali Asghar,
Shenaz Ramtoola,
Teresa Quattrin,
L. Mastrandea,
A.J. House,
Michelle A. Ecker,
ChiuLing Huang,
Claire Gougeon,
Jennifer E. Ho,
D. Pacuad,
David B. Dunger,
James W. May,
Conor S. O’Brien,
Carlo L. Acerini,
Burak Salgin,
Ajay Thankamony,
Rachel E. Williams,
John B. Buse,
G. Fuller,
Marie Duclos,
Julie Tricome,
Holly Brown,
D. Pittard,
Deborah Bowlby,
A. Blue,
Terry Headley,
Sachin Bendre,
Kevin Lewis,
K. Sutphin,
C. Soloranzo,
Jennifer Puskaric,
H. Madison,
Mercedes Rincón,
Michele Carlucci,
R. Shridharani,
Brian Rusk,
E. Tessman,
DAVID M. HUFFMAN,
Howard Abrams,
Benjamin Biederman,
Matthew D. Jones,
Valerie Leathers,
W. Brickman,
P Petrie,
D. Zimmerman,
James J. Howard,
Ramin Alemzadeh,
D.V. Mihailescu,
R. Melgozza-Walker,
N. Abdulla,
Claudia BoucherBerry,
Diego Ize-Ludlow,
Ronald Levy,
C. Swenson Brousell,
Russell Scott,
Helen Heenan,
Helen Lunt,
Dave Kendal,
Brian A. Darlow,
Nancy A. Crimmins,
David Edler,
Tanja Weis,
Christopher J. Schultz,
Deirdre Rogers,
D. Latham,
C. Mawhorter,
Christopher Switzer,
W. J. Spencer,
P. Konstantnopoulus,
S Broder,
Jeffrey A. Klein,
Bert Bachrach,
Monique M. Gardner,
D. Eichelberger,
Lisa Knight,
L. Szadek,
G. Welnick,
Bruce Thompson,
Robert M. Hoffman,
Andrew Revell,
J. Cherko,
K. Carter,
Éric Gilson,
Jade Haines,
G. Arthur,
Benjamin P. Bowen,
W.B. Zipf,
Patricia M. Graves,
Rodolfo LozanoOlvera,
Diane Seiple,
K. Spicer,
Amy Chang,
J. Fregosi,
Jeremy Harbinson,
Christopher P Paulson,
S. Stalters,
Paul Wright,
Douglas W. Zlock,
Amy Freeth,
Jennifer Victory,
Hiralal Maheshwari,
A. Maheshwari,
T. Holmstrom,
J. Bueno,
Raul Arguello,
J. Ahern,
Linda Noreika,
Victoria E. Watson,
S. Hourse,
Paul R. Breyer,
C. Kissel,
Y. Nicholson,
M. Pfeifer,
S. Almazan,
J S Bajaj,
Maryanne Quinn,
Kayla Funk,
J. McCance,
Eduardo Moreno,
R. Veintimilla,
Andrew D. Wells,
Jennifer Cook,
S. Trunnel,
David J. Transue,
Julie M. Surhigh,
D. Bezzaire,
Kathleen Moltz,
Erin Zacharski,
Joseph Henske,
Sujal R. Desai,
K. Frizelis,
Faris Khan,
Rickard L. Sjöberg,
K. Eileen Allen,
P.P. Manning,
G. Hendry,
Bradley K. Taylor,
Samuel E. Jones,
R. B. Couch,
R.Michael Danchak,
DA Lieberman,
W J Strader,
Marie Bencomo,
Timothy S. Bailey,
L. Bedolla,
C. Roldán,
Christopher Moudiotis,
Bijay Vaidya,
Christine Anning,
S. Bunce,
Stephanie Estcourt,
E. Folland,
E Gordon,
C. Harrill,
J. T. Ireland,
James B. Piper,
Lucy Scaife,
K. Sutton,
S. Wilkins,
M. Costelloe,
Luis E. De Las Casas,
Chris Miller,
Marianne Burgard,
Christopher S. Erickson,
Julie HallangerJohnson,
Pamela Clark,
William C. Taylor,
José E. Galgani,
Subhashis Banerjee,
C. Banda,
D. McEowen,
Riley N. Kinman,
Antony Lafferty,
Sarah Gillett,
C. Nolan,
Mona Pathak,
L. Sondrol,
Thomas J. Hjelle,
Sebastian Häfner,
Johanna Kotrba,
Richard Hendrickson,
Ayşe Pínar Cemeroğlu,
T. Symington,
Michael Daniel,
Yaw Appiagyei-Dankah,
Daniel C. Postellon,
Michaël Racine,
Lora Kleis,
Kathryn B. Barnes,
S.E. Godwin,
H. McCullough,
Khaldoon Shaheen,
Georgina Buck,
LaureHélène Noël,
MARK L. WARREN,
Sydney Weber,
Sean M. Parker,
Iain Gillespie,
Benjamin A. Nelson,
C. Frost,
James Amrhein,
Elaine Moreland,
Andrew Hayes,
J. Peggram,
James Aisenberg,
M. Riordan,
J. Zasa,
Elizabeth A. Cummings,
Karen A. Scott,
Teresa Pinto,
Ashwini Mokashi,
Karen McAssey,
Elizabeth Helden,
Peter Hammond,
L. Dinning,
S H Rahman,
S. Ray,
C. Dimicri,
S. Guppy,
Hans Jørgen Nielsen,
Claudia Vogel,
Carles Ariza,
Luz Marina Morales,
YuTzu Chang,
Robert A. Gabbay,
L. Ambrocio,
L. Manley,
Robin Nemery,
W. A. Charlton,
Paul D. Smith,
Lucille Kerr,
B. Steindel-Kopp,
M. Alamaguer,
Eludrizza Tabisola-Nuesca,
A. Pendersen,
Nicholas B. Larson,
H. Cooper-Olviver,
David S. Chan,
David Fitzpatrick,
Teresa Carreira,
Y. Park,
L. Renee Ruhaak,
David R. Liljenquist,
G. Browning,
Tiffany Coughenour,
Mathias Sulk,
E. Tsalikan,
Michael Tansey,
Joanne Cabbage,
Naznin Dixit,
S. M. Kamal Pasha,
MaryClaire King,
Kim G. Adcock,
H. Atterberry,
Larry A. Fox,
Kimberly Englert,
Nelly Mauras,
J. Permuy,
Kaitlin Sikes,
Tzeggai Berhe,
B. Guendling,
L. McLennan,
Laura A. Paganessi,
Colin G. Murphy,
M B Draznin,
Mala Kamboj,
S.T. Sheppard,
Victor Lewis,
Laura C. Coates,
W. Moore,
Ghufran Babar,
Jacques Bédard,
Darlene Brenson-Hughes,
Joe Cernich,
Mark A. Clements,
R. Duprau,
Serge Goodman,
Lois Hester,
Lina Huerta-Sáenz,
Alexander Karmazin,
T. Letjen,
Raman Sankar,
Dawn E. Morin,
William H. Bestermann,
E.J. Morawski,
Jonathan L. White,
A. Brockmyer,
Robert A. Bays,
Shauna R. Campbell,
Andrew J. Stapleton,
Nicole L. Stone,
A. L. Donoho,
Helen Everett,
Harvey H. Hensley,
Matthew B. Johnson,
Chris Marshall,
N. Skirvin,
Peter Taylor,
Linda Ray,
Chris Wolverton,
D.A. Nickels,
C. Dothard,
Phyllis Speiser,
Michele Pellizzari,
Laura Bokor,
KE Izuora,
Sameh A. Abdelnour,
P. Cummings,
S. Paynor,
Michael F. Leahy,
M. Riedl,
Shan Shockley,
Randa Saad,
Teresa Briones,
Sofia Casella,
Carsten T. Herz,
Kenneth Walsh,
James Greening,
F C Hay,
S. E. Hunt,
Nisha Sikotra,
Leon A. Simons,
D. G. Karounos,
R. Oremus,
Louise Dye,
L. Daniel Myers,
D.H. Ballard,
Wendell Miers,
Rachel Sparks,
K.M. Thraikill,
K L Edwards,
John L. Fowlkes,
S. Kemp,
A. Morales,
Lada Holland,
Lisa Johnson,
Pascale Paul,
Atrayee Ghatak,
K. Phelen,
H. Leyland,
Johnny Henderson,
David J. Brenner,
E. Oppenheimer,
Igor Mamkin,
C. Moniz,
Cheril Clarson,
Michael R. Lovell,
Anne L. Peters,
Valerie Ruelas,
Danielle Borut,
Deborah J. Burt,
Michael B. Jordan,
Silvia Castilla,
P. Flores,
Mónica Vallejo Ruiz,
Lois Hanson,
J. Green-Blair,
Richard J. Sheridan,
Kupper A. Wintergerst,
Grant N. Pierce,
A. Omoruyi,
Meredith C. Foster,
Suzanne Kingery,
Allen Lunsford,
I. Cervantes,
T Parker,
Patricia Price,
J. Urben,
Ian Doughty,
Helen Haydock,
Veronica G. Parker,
Phil Bergman,
Steve Duncum,
Christine Rodda,
A.D. Thomas,
Robert J. Ferry,
Dana T. McCommon,
John Cockroft,
Alvin Perelman,
R. Calendo,
Cristian Barrera,
Esperanza Arce-Nunez,
Yolanda Martínez,
Mario Portilla,
Ingrid Cardenas,
Leonardo Garrido,
Miriam Méndez-del Villar,
Renata Lorini,
Erika Calandra,
G. D’Annuzio,
Katia Perri,
Nicola Minuto,
Clara Rebora,
Rachel A Callegari,
Omar Ali,
John R. Kramer,
Bethany Auble,
S. Cabrera,
Patricia A. Donohoue,
Martin J. Hessner,
Peter M. Wolfgram,
Alvina R. Kansra,
Nicola Bettin,
Richard K. McCuller,
Andrew D. Miller,
Siham Accacha,
John Corrigan,
Esteban Fiore,
Ross L. Levine,
T.A. Mahoney,
Constantin Polychronakos,
Vincent Gagné,
Harold Starkman,
Marie Fox,
Daisy Chin,
Frances Melchionne,
L. A. Silverman,
Ian Marshall,
L. Cerracchio,
José C. Cruz,
Anand Viswanathan,
J. A. Wilson,
S A Chalew,
S. Valley,
S. Layburn,
Anuradha Lala,
Patrice Clesi,
Matthew Genet,
Gabriel I. Uwaifo,
Alain Charron,
Timothy D. Allerton,
William T. Cefalu,
Lydia Yvonne Melendez-Ramirez,
R. Richards,
Eric L. Gustafson,
M. Lizanna,
Jack Wahlen,
S. Aleiwe,
Michael K. Hansen,
H. Wahlen,
Carol J. Levy,
A. Bonaccorso,
Robert Rapaport,
Yaron Tomer,
David Chia,
Marina Goldis,
L. Iazzetti,
M. Klein,
Camilla Levister,
Larissa Waldman,
Elizabeth Wallach,
Molly O. Regelmann,
Z. Antal,
M. Aranda,
Carey Reynholds,
N. Leech,
Deborah J. Wake,
Cormac Owens,
Mason Jenner Burns,
John S. Wotherspoon,
Anne M. Murray,
Kevin R. Short,
GW Curry,
S. F. Kelsey,
Jennifer Lawson,
Julie A. Porter,
Susanna R. Stevens,
Emma C. Thomson,
S. Winship,
L. Wynn,
Esko Wiltshire,
Jeremy Krebs,
Peter Cresswell,
H. Faherty,
Craig S. Ross,
A Vinik,
Patricia M. Barlow,
Marc Bourcier,
Marie-Laure Névoret,
Jennifer Couper,
Shirley A.A. Beresford,
N. Thalagne,
Holly Roper,
J. Gibbons,
Julia Hill,
S. Balleaut,
Cameron Brennan,
J. Ellis-Gage,
Louisa Fear,
Thomas M. Gray,
Laura Jones,
Constance A. McNerney,
Lauren Pointer,
Nicholas C. Price,
Karen Few,
Deborah Tomlinson,
Louise Denvir,
Jennifer C. Drew,
Tabitha Randell,
Peter Mansell,
S A Bell,
Sharon Butler,
Y. Hooton,
H. Navarra,
Abi Roper,
G. Babington,
Lindsay Crate,
Harrison Cripps,
Amanda Ledlie,
Courtney Moulds,
Robyn Norton,
B. Petrova,
O. Silkstone,
Chris Smith,
Kanika Ghai,
M. Murray,
V. N. Viswanathan,
M. Henegan,
O Kawadry,
Olson Ja,
L. Patterson,
Tariq Ahmad,
Brianna Flores,
D. Domek,
S. Domek,
Kenneth C. Copeland,
Melvin George,
Joane Less,
T. K. Davis,
Megan Short,
Arcot A. Dwarakanathan,
Patrick O’Donnell,
Brian P. Boerner,
LuAnn Larson,
Monica Phillips,
Marc Rendell,
Kara Larson,
Katelyn Zebrowski,
L. Kuechenmeister,
M. Thevarayapillai,
Michael J. Daniels,
Heather Speer,
N. Forghani,
R. Quintana,
Christian Reh,
Amrit Bhangoo,
Pascal Desrosiers,
Lucy Ireland,
T. Misla,
C. Torres,
Susan Wells,
Jesús Villar,
M. C. Yu,
Diane J. Berry,
David P. Cook,
Josefin Söder,
Abigail E. Powell,
Mah Lee Ng,
Mary F. Morrison,
Zena Haslam,
Margaret L. Lawson,
Benjamin Bradley,
Jodi B. Courtney,
C C Richardson,
Chris Watson,
Erin Keely,
D. DeCurtis,
M. Vaccarcello-Cruz,
Zaira Torres,
Kathryn Sandberg,
HwaLin Hsiang,
Binu Joy,
David L. McCormick,
Helen Jones,
Jordana T. Bell,
S. Hargadon,
Sue Hudson,
Mirko Kummer,
Sue Ellyn Sauder,
Evelyn Sutton,
Kathy Gensel,
R. Aguirre-Castaneda,
V. Benavides Lopez,
D. Hemp,
Simon Allen,
J. Stear,
Elizabeth A. Davis,
Timothy W. Jones,
Amy E. Roberts,
Julie Dart,
Nirubasini Paramalingam,
Lorraine E. Levitt Katz,
N. Chaudhary,
Kathryn M. Murphy,
Steven M. Willi,
B. Schwartzman,
Chiraag Kapadia,
David Larson,
D. McClellan,
G. Shaibai,
L.A. Kelley,
Giovanni Carlo Federico Villa,
Casey J. Kelley,
Rebekah Diamond,
Mariam Kabbani,
Tala Dajani,
Franciska M. E. Hoekstra,
M. Magorno,
Jens J. Holst,
V. Chauhan,
Nathaniel R. Wilson,
Patricia Boi,
Matthias Sperl,
Ann Millward,
Mark Eaton,
Larry S. Dean,
Jerrold S. Olshan,
Harmony Renna,
C. Milliard,
Denise C. Snyder,
Shawn T. Beaman,
Kerry J. Burch,
John Chester,
Andrew Ahmann,
Bethany Wollam,
Donald DeFrang,
R. Holly Fitch,
Kristin Jahnke,
Kathy Hanavan,
B.J. Klopfenstein,
Lionel Nicol,
Richard W Bergstrom,
Thomas L. Noland,
J. Brodksy,
Ludwing Bacon,
Jose Bernardo Quintos,
Lisa Swartz Topor,
Shara R. Bialo,
B Bancroft,
A.G. Soto,
W. H. Lagarde,
Hillary Elizabeth Lockemer,
T. Vanderploeg,
Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim,
Maryann L. Huie,
V. Pérez Sánchez,
Rachel Edelen,
Rod Marchiando,
T. Repas,
Megan Wasson,
P. Auker,
James T. Culbertson,
Timothy J. Kieffer,
D. Voorhees,
Trista Borgwardt,
L. DeRaad,
Katrin Eckert,
Erin Isaacson,
H. Kühn,
Andrew J. Carroll,
Mirjam Schubert,
G. E. Francis,
Sean C. Hagan,
Trang T. Le,
Marc S. Penn,
Edward D. Wickham,
Carlos Leyva,
K. Rivera,
Jaume Padilla,
Iria Beltrán Rodríguez,
Nicholas Jospe,
J. Czyzyk,
Bruce Johnson,
Ulhas M. Nadgir,
NATALIE MARLEN,
GNANAGURUDASAN PRAKASAM,
C. Rieger,
Nicole Glaser,
E.C. Heiser,
Barbara J. Harris,
C. Foster,
Hillarie Slater,
Karen L. Wheeler,
David Donaldson,
Daniel E. Hale,
Robin Tragus,
D.R. Word,
Jane Lynch,
Lauren Pankratz,
William J. Rogers,
Ron S. Newfield,
S. Holland,
Marla Hashiguchi,
Michael Gottschalk,
A. Philis-Tsimikas,
Rosario Rosal,
Stephen Franklin,
S. Guardado,
Nancy J.V. Bohan,
M. Garcia,
Tyler Aguinaldo,
J. Phan,
V. Barraza,
Daniel Cohen,
Jordan E. Pinsker,
Umair Khan,
John Wiley,
L. Jovanovic,
P. Misra,
Mia Wright,
KuoYang Huang,
Matthew L. Skiles,
S. Maxcy,
Catherine Pihoker,
K. Cochrane,
Jean-Philippe Fosse,
Seán Kearns,
Mary Klingsheim,
Nicholas A. Wright,
L. Viles,
Holly Smith,
Simon Heller,
Mark O. Cunningham,
A. Daniels,
L. Zeiden,
John K. Field,
Rosie M. Walker,
Keith J. Griffin,
Lynn Bartholow,
B. Krabbenhoft,
C.A. Sandman,
A. Vanveldhuizen,
J. Wurlger,
Aaron Zimmerman,
K. Hanisch,
Laura DavisKeppen,
Andrew Cotterill,
Jacqueline Kirby,
Maureen I Harris,
Alexander H. Schmidt,
Christopher M. Kishiyama,
Carlos Flores,
Joanne Milton,
Martin Wawruch,
C. Whysham,
A. Yerka,
Timothy G. Freels,
Jeanne M. Hassing,
Jennifer Webster,
R. Green,
Paul Carter,
J. H. Galloway,
D. Hoelzer,
Stephen D. Roberts,
S Said,
Patrick F. Sullivan,
Holley F. Allen,
Edward O. Reiter,
Evan N. Feinberg,
Corbin Johnson,
LA Newhook,
David Hagerty,
N. White,
L. Levandoski,
Jennifer Kyllo,
Christine Benoit,
Prasad G. Iyer,
F Diamond,
Hiroshi Hosono,
Susan H. Jackman,
Lauren Barette,
Peter B. Jones,
Irene N. Sills,
Suzan Bzdick,
Jane Bulger,
Ruth S. Weinstock,
Isy Douek,
Robert Andrews,
G. Modgill,
G Györffy,
L. Robin,
Neel Vaidya,
Simon Crouch,
K. O’Brien,
C. Thompson,
N. Thorne,
Joseph T. Blumer,
J. Kalic,
L. Klepek,
Jany Paulett,
B. Rosolowski,
Jonathan Horner,
Michael T. Watkins,
Joanne L. Casey,
Keri L.H. Carpenter,
Christine Burns,
Jay R. Horton,
Catrin Pritchard,
D. Soetaert,
Anthony Wynne,
Kevin B. Kaiserman,
M Halvorson,
ChihChien Chin,
O.Y. Molina,
Chirag J. Patel,
Rosemary Noel Senguttuvan,
Mark D. Wheeler,
O. Furet,
C. Steuhm,
David H. Jelley,
Sharnella Goudeau,
Laura Chalmers,
David M. Greer,
Constadina Panagiotopoulos,
Daniel L. Metzger,
Danh V. Nguyen,
M. Horowitz,
MARK P. CHRISTIANSEN,
E. Glades,
C Morimoto,
M. Macarewich,
Robert J. Norman,
Kara Patin,
Carlos A. Vargas,
A. Barbanica,
Andrew Yu,
Pavanapuresan P. Vaidyanathan,
William Osborne,
Rohit Mehra,
S. Kaster,
S. Neace,
Geri C. Reeves,
C. Cordrey,
L. Marrs,
Thomas P. Miller,
Steven A. Dowshen,
Donna Doyle,
Steven Walker,
Daniel Catte,
Heather Dean,
M. Drury-Brown,
B. W. Hackman,
Mary Lee,
Samir Malkani,
Karen Cullen,
Kelly Johnson,
Philip Hampton,
M. McCarrell,
Charles Curtis,
Esbjörn Paul,
Yajaira Zambrano
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
diabetes care
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.636
H-Index - 363
eISSN - 1935-5548
pISSN - 0149-5992
DOI - 10.2337/dc18-0087
Subject(s) - medicine , autoantibody , type 1 diabetes , hazard ratio , proportional hazards model , diabetes mellitus , autoimmunity , type 2 diabetes , receiver operating characteristic , framingham risk score , immunology , oncology , endocrinology , antibody , disease , confidence interval
OBJECTIVE We tested the ability of a type 1 diabetes (T1D) genetic risk score (GRS) to predict progression of islet autoimmunity and T1D in at-risk individuals. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied the 1,244 TrialNet Pathway to Prevention study participants (T1D patients’ relatives without diabetes and with one or more positive autoantibodies) who were genotyped with Illumina ImmunoChip (median [range] age at initial autoantibody determination 11.1 years [1.2–51.8], 48% male, 80.5% non-Hispanic white, median follow-up 5.4 years). Of 291 participants with a single positive autoantibody at screening, 157 converted to multiple autoantibody positivity and 55 developed diabetes. Of 953 participants with multiple positive autoantibodies at screening, 419 developed diabetes. We calculated the T1D GRS from 30 T1D-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms. We used multivariable Cox regression models, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves, and area under the curve (AUC) measures to evaluate prognostic utility of T1D GRS, age, sex, Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 (DPT-1) Risk Score, positive autoantibody number or type, HLA DR3/DR4-DQ8 status, and race/ethnicity. We used recursive partitioning analyses to identify cut points in continuous variables. RESULTS Higher T1D GRS significantly increased the rate of progression to T1D adjusting for DPT-1 Risk Score, age, number of positive autoantibodies, sex, and ethnicity (hazard ratio [HR] 1.29 for a 0.05 increase, 95% CI 1.06–1.6; P = 0.011). Progression to T1D was best predicted by a combined model with GRS, number of positive autoantibodies, DPT-1 Risk Score, and age (7-year time-integrated AUC = 0.79, 5-year AUC = 0.73). Higher GRS was significantly associated with increased progression rate from single to multiple positive autoantibodies after adjusting for age, autoantibody type, ethnicity, and sex (HR 2.27 for GRS >0.295, 95% CI 1.47–3.51; P = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS The T1D GRS independently predicts progression to T1D and improves prediction along T1D stages in autoantibody-positive relatives.
Accelerating Research
Robert Robinson Avenue,
Oxford Science Park, Oxford
OX4 4GP, United Kingdom
Address
John Eccles HouseRobert Robinson Avenue,
Oxford Science Park, Oxford
OX4 4GP, United Kingdom