Open AccessSurface Anatomy of the Lip Elevator Muscles for the Treatment of Gummy Smile Using Botulinum Toxin
Author(s) -
Woo-Sang Hwang,
MiSun Hur,
KyungSeok Hu,
WuChul Song,
KiSeok Koh,
Hyoung-Seon Baik,
Seong Taek Kim,
HeeJin Kim,
KeeJoon Lee
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
the angle orthodontist
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.116
H-Index - 86
eISSN - 1945-7103
pISSN - 0003-3219
DOI - 10.2319/091407-437.1
Subject(s) - anatomy , medicine , botulinum toxin , cadaver , orthodontics , elevator , surgery , materials science , composite material
To propose a safe and reproducible injection point for botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) as a supplementary method for the treatment of gummy smile, as determined by assessment of the morphologic characteristics of three lip elevator muscles.
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