Pesticide Resistance and Metabolic Rate in German Cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae)

Although physiological resistance mechanisms to most pesticides have developed in insects, costs may be associated with these mechanisms. For example, a reproductive cost is shown by resistant tobacco budworms, Heliothis virescens , which produce significantly fewer fertile eggs (Plapp et al. 1990), and a behavioral cost is shown by resistant Anopheles mosquitoes, which spend less time searching for hosts (Rowland 1987). An energetic cost may also be associated with resistance. For example, a common mechanism of pesticide detoxification is enzymatic breakdown of ingested or ab-