Pramoedya Ananta Toer and China: The Transformation of a Cultural Intellectual

As one of the most prominent writers in Indonesia, Pramoedya Ananta Toer has been at the center of a number of valuable studies which carefully document his intellectual journey and his place in modern Indonesian cultural history.* 1 It has been generally agreed that the years between 1956 and 1959 were crucial in the evolution of Pramoedya's cultural and political thinking. In an effort to trace the causes of this change, the existing literature focuses almost exclusively on Indonesia's turbulent domestic political transformation and its impact on Pramoedya; very little attention