The European Universities, Citizenship and its Limits: What Won't Solve the Problems of Our Time

This article attempts to weave together in an original manner a number of themes regarding citizenship and higher education in Europe. Thus, the authors look critically at the notion of citizenship itself; its role in Aristotle and in Hegel's state-versus-civil-society contrast; its relation to the world of work or labour; its connection with the concept of Bildung (‘general edification’); the originally divergent strands of the twentieth-century American assault on Bildung in higher education, an assault now extended to Europe, especially in European Union policy and (in a more complex and contradictory manner) in the Bologna process; the marketized university as a psychotic organization; and — a twist in the story — the reaction to some of these developments in the ideology of citizenism, which the authors problematize.