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Impact of three fungicides against B. cinerea (iprodione, pyrimethanil and f  ludioxonil plus cyprodinil) on the population of Saccharomyces cerevisiae  strains during the spontaneous alcoholic fermentation was studied. With  regard to the use of fungicides in the vineyard at two stages of the  grapevine growth we followed four different spontaneous fermentations:  control, iprodione, pyrimethanil and f ludioxonil plus cyprodinil. The  fungicide residues in the grapes were determined by GC/MS system and the  fermentations were followed by changes in yeast, sugar, and ethanol  concentrations using colony counting and HPLC. The karyotype analysis of 473  isolates was done by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The fungicide residues  in the grapes at the harvest were below the maximum residue limits. Isolates  of S. cerevisiae were classified into 15 karyotype groups. The duration of  the processes and the populations of the karyotypes differed between the  fermentations. The iprodione and control fermentations lasted 36 days with  the prevalence of karyotype A while the fludioxonil plus cyprodinil  fermentation lasted 50 days and karyotype D led the process. In the  pyrimethanil fermentation, none of the karyotypes prevailed in the must and  the fermentation lasted much longer than others did (68 days). The results  showed that the fungicide residues have an influence on the fermentation  kinetics and selection of S. cerevisiae strains during the spontaneous  alcoholic fermentation and therefore should be considered as an important  factor that may indirectly influence the formation of fermentation aroma in  the wine produced by such process

Fungicide residues in grapes determined the dynamics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains during spontaneous wine fermentation