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For the first time in 22 years, an official census of population was carried  out on the territory of the Republika Srpska. This is the first time that we  have data (preliminary results) based on which we can examine the  demographic situation, spatial distribution of the population and certain  ongoing demographic processes. Based on the analysis of preliminary results  on the total number of enumerated persons and through the analysis of  natural increase in migration flows, the article will present the  demographic problem faced by the Republika Srpska. The analysis of first  results shows that entire regions have low population densities, being  affected by depopulation which is caused mainly by negative natural  movements and migrations. Rural areas which represented a demographic  potential are being depopulated and some of them have no inhabitants at all.  The unfavourable spatial distribution, low level of natural regeneration and  constant emigration seriously endanger the total number of population in the  Republika Srpska, which has been steadily declining ever since 2002.  Constant negative socio-economic effects in the short term could jeopardize  the development of the population and the very maintenance of infrastructure  in settlements in Republika Srpska.

Demographic challenges and spatial distribution of the population in the Republika Srpska