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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common respiratory sleep disorder  in clinical practice and it occurs as a result of decreased muscle tone of  pharyngeal musculature. Sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome is described as the  occurrence of a minimum of five interruptions in breathing and/or the  decrease in ventilation during one hour of sleeping (apnea/hypopnea  index-AHI) with the existence of daytime and night-time difficulties.  Multimodal treatment of OSA includes:1) hygienic-dietary regimen and  lifestyle, 2) surgical approach to upper airways, 3) use of oral appliances  (OA) and 4) noninvasive ventilation with continuous positive airway pressure  - CPAP. "Gold standard" in sleep apnea syndrome treatment especially in  severe forms of OSA is CPAP. A therapy of choice for mild-to-moderate OSA and  an alternative treatment for CPAP intolerance are oral appliances. A  mandibular protrusion splint and a tongue-retaining device are in use.  Simplicity of handling, portability, lack of noise, independence from a power  source and lower cost bring potential advantages over CPAP. By increasing the  volume of upper airways the number of obstructive breathing events and  arousals is being significantly reduced, and arterial oxygen saturation is  being improved, particularly in the mild-to-moderate OSA range. It has been  confirmed that intraoral devices decrease daytime sleepiness and arterial  blood pressure. They are not recommended in severe periodontopathy. A close  cooperation and surveillance by medical doctor and dentist is required, from  the correct choice and drafting of oral appliance, through initial patient's  accommodation to treatment, to long-term follow-up of therapeutic effect in  sleep medicine laboratories.

Oral appliances in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome