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Background/Aim. Child abuse may be related to adverse psychological outcomes   in adult life. However, little is known about specific clinical, family and   resilience profiles of adolescents that have experienced child abuse. The   aim of this study was to investigate clinical symptoms, family functioning   and resilience characteristics of adolescents with the experience of abuse,   first referred to psychiatrists. Methods. The study included 84 young   participants (mean age 14.90 ± 3.10, ranging from 11 to 18 years) as   consecutive first referrals to the Clinic for Children and Youth of the   Institute of Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia. The sample consisted of two   groups, based on the Child Abuse Matrices of Risks. The first group included   adolescents with the experience of abuse in childhood (n = 38, 13 males, 25   females), whereas the second, control group, comprised of non-abused   adolescents (n = 47, 20 males, 27 females). The presence of abuse was   evaluated by the Child Abuse Matrices of Risks. The study used the following   questionnaires: Youth Self-Report (YSR), Adolescent Resilience Attitudes   Scale (ARAS), and Self-Report Family Inventory (SFI). Results. Significant   differences were found only among females. According to YSR, the abused   girls had significantly higher scores on the Delinquent Behavior scale and   marginally higher scores on Anxious/ Depressed and Social Problems scales.   Analyses of the SFI showed significantly lower family functioning among the   girls with the child abuse history for all scales except for the Directive   Leadership. The abused girls also showed significantly lower scores on the   Insight scale, and marginally lower Initiative scores at the ARAS.   Conclusions. These findings may have practical application in the creation   of specific preventive and treatment strategies, particularly focused on   delinquent tendencies, as well as on enhancing resilience through providing   positive environments within families, schools and communities

Psychopathology and resilience in relation to abuse in childhood among youth first referred to the psychiatrist