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Background/Aim. Spinal cord injuries (SCI) could be associated with a  significant functional impairment in the areas of mobility, self-care, bowel  and bladder emptying and sexuality. The aim of this study was to compare  demographic characteristics and functional outcomes of nontraumatic and  traumatic spinal cord injury patients. Methods. This study was designed as  retrospective case series study. A detailed medical history including sex,  age, mode of trauma, and clinical and radiological examination was taken for  all patients. Hospital records were used to classify the patients according  to the following: mechanism of injury, neurological level of injury,  functional outcomes, associated injuries, method of treatment, secondary  complications and length of stay. The following clinical scores were measured  in the patients: American Spinal Injury Association standards (CASTA),  Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and Modified Aschworth score (MAS).  Results. Out of totally 441 patients with spinal cord injury, 279 were  traumatic patients (TSCI) and 162 nontraumatic patients (NTSCI); 322 men and  119 women. The mean age of the patients was 46.1 ± 19.9 years. Traumatic and  nontraumatic populations showed several significant differences with regard  to age, level and severity of lesion. When adjusted for these factors  patients with traumatic injuries showed a significantly lower FIM score at  admission and significantly better improvement in the FIM score at discharge.  The two populations were discharged with similar functional outcome.  Conclusions. The NTSCI patients in our study were younger, more frequently  female, with less complications before rehabilitation and less frequently  treated operatively than the TSCI patients. Hospital rehabilitation of the  TSCI patients was longer than that of the NTSCI patients, but their  functional gain from admission was also higher, so at discharge. Traumatic  and nontraumatic spinal cord lesion patients achieved similar results in  regard to neurological and functional status

Demographic characteristics and functional outcomes in patients with traumatic and nontraumatic spinal cord injuries