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Background/Aim. An excessive use or misuse of voice by vocal professionals  may result in symptoms such are husky voice, hoarse voice, total loss of  voice, or even organic changes taking place on vocal folds - minimal  pathological lesions - MAPLs. The purpose of this study was to identify the  type of MAPLs which affects vocal professionals, as well as to identify the  risk factors that bring about these changes. Methods. There were 94 vocal  professionals who were examined altogether, out of whom 46 were affected by  MAPLs, whereas 48 of them were diagnosed with no MAPLs, so that they served  as the control group. All these patients were clinically examined (anamnesis,  clinical examination, bacteoriological examination of nose and pharynx,  radiography of paranasal cavities, allergological processing, phoniatric  examination, endo-video-stroboscopic examination, as well as  gastroenterologic examination, and finally endocrinological and pulmological  analyses). Results. The changes that occurred most often were identified as  nodules (50%; n = 23/46) and polyps (24%; n = 11/46). Risk factors causing  MAPLs in vocal professionals were as follows: age, which reduced the risk by  23.9% [OR 0.861 (0.786-0.942)] whereas the years of career increase the risk  [OR 1.114 (1.000-1.241)], as well as the presence of a chronic respiratory  disease [OR 7.310 (1.712- 31.218)], and the presence of gastro-oesophageal  reflux disease [OR 4.542 (1.263-16.334)]. The following factors did not  contribute to development of MAPLs in vocal professionals: sex, a place of  residence, irritation, smoking, endocrinologic disease and the presence of  poly-sinusitis. Conclusion. It is necessary to introduce comprehensive  procedures for prevention of MAPLs, particularly in high-risk groups.  Identification of the risk factors for MAPLs and prevention of their  influence on vocal professionals (given that their income depends on their  vocal ability) is of the highest importance

Risk factors for the appearance of minimal pathologic lesions on vocal folds in vocal professionals