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The experiment included 30 cows of Holstein-Friesian breed, out of which 15   were receiving selenium and zinc in optimal doses before calving, while the   others had never been supplemented with these micronutrients. There was   analysed the concentration of selenium and zinc in blood and milk serum as   well as the average number of somatic cells in corresponding lactation. After   the cows exclusion from production, histological characteristics of cows   udders were examined. The results of the investigation have shown that   addition of selenium and zinc before calving has a positive effect on the   values of these microelements in the blood and milk during the period of   early lactation, that is, the concentration of these elements was   significantly higher in the blood and milk of the cows that obtained selenium   and zinc supplements. Also, in these cows there was significantly lower   number of somatic cells during the following lacation period. In the   parenchyma of the udder there was found less pronounced infiltration of   leukocytes, notably thicker keratin layer of ductus papillaris and less   expressed repairing processes that indicate a chronic inflammation of the   udder in the samples after exclusion of the cows from production. There was a   significant positive correlation between selenium in blood and milk, while   there was not observed such a correlation for zinc. On the other hand, there   was a significant negative correlation between the concentration of selenium   in the blood and milk with the average number of somatic cells and the degree   of infiltration of leukocytes, while its influence on the keratin layer of   ductus papillarus was not shown. Zinc from blood and udder had a negative   correlation with the number of somatic cells, had a positive correlation with   the thickness of ductus papillaris keratin layer and had no influence on the   level of leukocyte infiltration of udder parenchyma. Zinc demonstrates a   positive influence on the formation of ductus papillaris keratin layer and   protects the udder from pathogens penetration, while selenium stimulates the   immunological response of the udder. Their positive impact can be defined as   additive, because athough they have effect on two morphologically separate   udder parts, adding both of them significantly decreases the number of   somatic cells in milk. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br.   TR31062

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The influence of selenium and zinc addition in food on concentration of these elements in blood and milk, on somatic cells number and histological characteristics of cows udders