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Maintaining wellbore stability involves significant challenges when drilling   in low-permeability reactive shale formations. In the present study, a   non-linear thermo-chemo-poroelastic model is provided to investigate the   effect of chemical, thermal, and hydraulic gradients on pore pressure and   stress distributions near the wellbores. The analysis indicates that when the   solute concentration of the drilling mud is higher than that of the formation   fluid, the pore pressure and the effective radial and tangential stresses   decrease, and v. v. Cooling of the lower salinity formation decreases the   pore pressure, radial and tangential stresses. Hole enlargement is the   combined effect of shear and tensile failure when drilling in   high-temperature shale formations. The shear and tensile damage indexes   reveal that hole enlargement occurs in the vicinity of the wellbore at an   early stage of drilling. This study also demonstrates that shale wellbore   stability exhibits a time-delay effect due to changes in the pore pressure   and stress. The delay time computed with consideration of the strength   degradation is far less than that without strength degradation

Wellbore stability analysis in chemically active shale formations