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Partially open cavities are encountered in various engineering systems such  as electronic cooling devices and cooling for gas turbine blades, instead of  conventional film cooling slots. Flow is to be imparted over the partially  open cavity where it induces a shear layer and a shear driven vortex within  the cavity, which is subjected to cooling effect at its wall. Depending on  the opening ratio, heat and mass transfer occur between the main flow and  the trapped vortex through the shear layer. In the present study, RANS  simulations of such flow have been conducted for circular and square  cavities to investigate the effect of opening ratio on the heat and mass  transfer characteristics. The simulations were established on a rigorous  numerical approach and proper validation with LDV measurements of turbulent  flow in circular cavity. Based on the hydraulic diameter of the cavity,  opening ratios ranging from 0.2 to 1.0 were investigated for a Reynolds  number of 3×105. Generally, the maximum Nusselt number (Nu) was achieved at  higher opening ratios for both circular and rectangle cavities. On the other  hand the maximum dimensionless temperature gradient (θ) inside the cavity  was achieved at L/D=0.2 for both cavity configurations.

Numerical investigation of turbulent flow and heat transfer over partially open cavities: Effect of opening ratio