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Many regions of the world face the problem of saline water. Water   desalination processes, which require significant energy consumption, are a   common solution to produce drinking water. This study evaluated the influence   of the following process operational parameters on the energy consumption of   seawater RO systems: water salinity, permeate recovery ratio, membrane   performance and feed water temperature. Optimal operational conditions for   the theoretical minimum energy consumption were determined with experiments   by varying water qualities and operational parameters. In order to further   reduce energy consumption a RO system was integrated with a PV solar system   and a pilot PVRO system was built and tested. The results obtained from this   study indicated that even though a Solar PV system incurs a huge initial   capital investment, it will yield significant benefits in the long run of the   RO operational period

Thermodynamical research of using solar energy for desalination of seawater