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In this article, the laminar mixed convection of Al2O3-Water nanofluid flow   in a horizontal flat tube has been numerically simulated. The two-phase   mixture model has been employed to solve the nanofluid flow, and constant   heat flux has been considered as the wall boundary condition. The effects of   different and important parameters such as the Reynolds number (Re), Grashof   number (Gr), nanoparticles volume fraction (Φ) and nanoparticle diameter   (dp) on the thermal and hydrodynamic performances of nanofluid flow have   been analyzed. The results of numerical simulation were compared with   similar existing data and good agreement is observed between them. It will   be demonstrated that the Nusselt number (Nu) and the friction factor (Cf)   are different for each of the upper, lower, left and right walls of the flat   tube. The increase of Re, Gr and f and the reduction of dp lead to the   increase of Nu. Similarly, the increase of Re and f results in the increase   of Cf. Therefore, the best way to increase the amount of heat transfer in   flat tubes using nanofluids is to increase the Gr and reduce the dp

Numerical simulation and parametric study of laminar mixed convection nanofluid flow in flat tubes using two phase mixture model