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In this article, a numerical study is carried out to analyze the effect of  nanoparticle volume fraction over flow and thermal characteristics of laminar  2-D plane jet. Al2O3-water and TiO2-water nanofluids are considered in this  investigation with lowest and highest values of particle volume concentration  equals to 0 and 0.02 respectively. This paper propose four correlations for  describing the relation between the solid volume fraction, δt and δu. The  results show that the cross stream thermal diffusion depth and cross stream  hydraulic diffusion depth are increased when particles volume concentration  is increased and mean temperature and mean velocity decreases when the solid  volume fraction is increased. The effects of nanoparticle volume fraction in  velocity and temperature time histories are also studied and discussed.

Numerical investigation of flow and thermal pattern in unbounded flow using nanofluid - Case study: Laminar 2-D plane jet