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This paper presents the findings of research into cofiring two Bosnian cola  types, brown coal and lignite, with woody biomass, in this case spruce  sawdust. The aim of the research was to find the optimal blend of coal and  sawdust that may be substituted for 100% coal in large coal-fired power  stations in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Two groups of experimental tests were  performed in this study: laboratory testing of co-firing and trial runs on a  large-scale plant based on the laboratory research results. A laboratory  experiment was carried out in an electrically heated and entrained  pulverized-fuel flow furnace. Coal-sawdust blends of 93:7% by weight and  80:20% by weight were tested. Co-firing trials were conducted over a range of  the following process variables: process temperature, excess air ratio and  air distribution. Neither of the two coal-sawdust blends used produced any  significant ash-related problems provided the blend volume was 7% by weight  sawdust and the process temperature did not exceed 1250ºC. It was observed  that in addition to the nitrogen content in the co-fired blend, the volatile  content and particle size distribution of the mixture also influenced the  level of NOx emissions. The brown coal-sawdust blend generated a further  reduction of SO2 due to the higher sulphur capture rate than for coal alone.  Based on and following the laboratory research findings, a trial run was  carried out in a large-scale utility - the Kakanj power station, Unit 5 (110  MWe), using two mixtures; one in which 5%/wt and one in which 7%/wt of brown  coal was replaced with sawdust. Compared to a reference firing process with  100% coal, these co-firing trials produced a more intensive redistribution of  the alkaline components in the slag in the melting chamber, with a  consequential beneficial effect on the deposition of ash on the superheater  surfaces of the boiler. The outcome of the tests confirms the feasibility of  using 7%wt of sawdust in combination with coal without risk to the efficiency  of the unit, its combustion process and with the benefits of emissions  reductions. Furthermore, they show that no modification to the existing coal  transport system and boiler equipment is necessary to achieve this outcome

Co-firing Bosnian coals with woody biomass: Experimental studies on a laboratory-scale furnace and 110 MWe power unit