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Increased environmental awareness and depletion of resources are driving the  industries to develop viable alternative fuels like vegetable oils, compressed  natural gas, liquid petroleum gas, producer gas, and biogas in order to  provide suitable substitute to diesel for compression ignition engine. In  this investigation, a single cylinder, vertical, air-cooled diesel engine was  modified to use liquid petroleum gas in dual fuel mode. The liquefied  petroleum gas, was mixed with air and supplied through intake manifold. The  liquid fuel neem oil or diesel was injected into the combustion chamber. The  performance, emission, and combustion characteristics were studied and  compared for neat fuel and dual fuel mode. The experimental results on dual  fuel engine show a reduction in oxides of nitrogen up to 70% of the rated  power and smoke in the entire power range. However the brake thermal  efficiency was found decreased in low power range due to lower calorific  value of liquid petroleum gas, and increase in higher power range due to the  complete burning of liquid petroleum gas. Hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide  emissions were increased significantly at lower power range and marginal  variation in higher power range.

Performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of a CI engine using liquid petroleum gas and neem oil in dual fuel mode