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There are many proofs confirming the importance of sustainable development  for Montenegro. Shared international challenges, global economic crisis, and,  particularly, the country’s natural characteristics emphasize that  sustainable development is the only way ahead. In 2002 Montenegro formed the  National Council for Sustainable Development; in 2005 the Office for  Sustainable Development was established, and the National Strategy of  Sustainable Development was adopted in 2007. With these developments,  Montenegro created the most advanced institutional basis for sustainable  development in its region. After carefully observing the functioning of  national sustainable development institutions, however, the Office for  Sustainable Development embarked upon the process of their reform in 2008. As  a result, the Council was fundamentally reformed, having its membership  downsized and composition transformed. Two Annual Reports on the  Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy have been completed  and the process of defining sustainable development indicators commenced in  co-operation with the United Nations. This paper critically examines the  evolution of the set-up of the Montenegrin sustainable development system,  presents the advantages and disadvantages of the government-anchored Council.  Based on the lessons learnt, it presents recommendations for policy makers on  promoting and enforcing sustainable development. The paper argues that only  by effectively co-ordinating all segments of society and ensuring genuine  participation of outside-government stakeholders, the countries can ensure  that sustainable development principles are incorporated in national and  local policies. The independence and pro-activeness in approach of  sustainable development institutions is essential in ensuring the supremacy  of sustainable practices in decision-making. Considering the similarities in  historic, economic and social developments of the former socialist countries,  the recommendations put forward by this paper could be of particularly  relevance for the countries of Southeast, Central, and Eastern Europe. The  findings of this paper could also contribute to the wider debate on  sustainable development institutional models.

Building institutional framework for sustainable development in Montenegro