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Prior to the economic crisis, forecasts indicated a continuous increase of   traffic in European cities, highlighting the need of a policy to alleviate   the external impacts of transport. The crisis, however, generated pressures   on all sectors of activity, with transport being an indicative example. The   reduction of income and employment, the increased vehicle maintenance and   renewal costs and the transport related taxation seem to affect the transport   system and its external impacts. Thus, taking for granted that Europe will   eventually achieve “sustainable recovery” from the crisis, the current period   presents an opportunity for promoting sustainable mobility policies and   interventions in the most affected by the crisis European cities. Towards   this goal, it is essential to capitalise on contemporary techniques for the   monitoring of changes in transport external costs. The purpose of the paper   is the development of a methodology for the estimation of external costs due   to congestion, air pollution, climate change and accidents, based on road   traffic data. The methodology is applied along road arteries in Thessaloniki   for the period “before and after” the emergence of the crisis. As a result,   an overall decrease in external costs is observed, creating an unforeseen   “surplus” for the society during the crisis

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External costs due to congestion, accidents, energy consumption and emissions before and into the economic crisis: Pilot study along selected roadways of Thessaloniki, Greece