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Introduction. Urea is the final product of protein degradation secreted in  saliva. It has low molecular weight and neutral molecule that can freely  diffuse through bacterial wall, mature plaque and extracellular  polysaccharides exerting a buffering effect. In the presence of urease, urea  is broken down into one molecule of ammonia and two molecules of weak  carbonic acid, causing alkalization of the substrate and pH increase.  Hydrolysis of urea begins at pH 4-6. In mature plaque with low pH, urea  hydrolysis is a compensatory mechanism that opposes pH decrease trying to  keep an optimal acidbase balance. This mechanism explains the role of urea in  controlling plaque, caries and gingivitis. The aim of this study was to  investigate the effect of urea on the quality and speed of epithelialisation  of thermally wounded gingiva in rats. Material and Methods. The study  included 36 Wistar albino rats, 3-4 months old, divided in three groups (12  in each group). According to the protocol thermal wounding of gingiva was  performed in all animals. Wounded gingival epithelial tissue was treated  with: 10% urea solution (experimental group), 3% hydrogen peroxide and saline  (control groups). The extent and quality of epithelialisation was verified  histologically after 3, 5, 8, 11 and 14 days. Results. There was a strong  cellular infiltration and stromal edema with no significant morphological  differences between groups in the samples analyzed after 3 days. The  acceleration of epithelialisation in the experimental group observed in  samples obtained after 5 days was evidenced by rapid mitotic division of  epithelium and initial covering of defects in both directions. In samples  obtained after 8 days, in the experimental group, epithelial defect was  covered and in some areas cells were differentiated in vertical direction.  After 11 days horizontal coverage of defects as well as accelerated cell  differentiation in the vertical direction were noted. Restitutio ad integrum  in the experimental group and significant delay in wound healing in the  control groups was demonstrated in 14-day samples. Conclusion. Complete  epithelialisation of gingiva occurred significantly faster in the group  treated with 10% urea solution, than in the control groups treated with 3%  hydrogen peroxide solution and saline

Effect of 10% urea solution on epithelialization of thermally wounded gingiva