Effects of biological insecticides NeemAzal T/S and pyrethrum FS EC and their interaction with organic products in treatments of pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Pisum sativum (L.)

The efficacy and effects of two biological insecticides, NeemAzal T/S® and Pyrethrum\udFS EC, applied individually and in combination with Polyversum (a biological growth\udregulator and fungicide) and Biofa (an organic foliar fertilizer), in controlling Acyrthosyphon\udpisum population density were studied. Nurelle D (a synthetic insecticide), applied alone\udand in combination with Flordimex 420 (a synthetic growth regulator), was used as a\udstandard. The products were applied once (at budding stage) or twice (at budding and\udflowering stages). Twenty-four variants were studied. The interaction of Pyrethrum with\udBiofa was the most efficient variant of the biological products, causing a reduction in\udaphid density that reached 48.2% after double treatment, while Pyrethrum+Polyversum\ud(42.5%) was the second most successful treatment. The combination of Pyrethrum with\udBiofa achieved the highest efficacy and synergism and their efficacy approached that of\udthe synthetic insecticide