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In this study, countries were analyzed between 1990 and 2011 in order to   determine whether a causal relationship exists among current account deficit,   GDP, foreign direct investment, and total credits of G7. Analysis took into   account the cross-sectional dependence and was applied to test the causality   among the variables form the panel. Firstly, panel unit root tests were used   for determining stationary of variables. As a result of the panel unit root   tests, it was found that GDP and foreign direct investment have a stationary   structure and that total credits and current account deficit contain unit   root. In order to see whether there is a long-term relationship among the   variables or not, the panel co-integration test was used. As a result of the   test, it was concluded that there is a co-integration relationship among the   series. The possibility of a causal relationship was analyzed among the   variables using the causality test developed by Elena Ivona Dumitrescu and   Christophe Hurlin (2012). Results of the analysis showed a unidirectional   causal relationship from current account deficit and foreign direct   investment to GDP. Bidirectional causality was found between current account   deficit and total credits. Finally, a unidirectional relationship was found   from foreign direct investment to current account deficit and total credits

Testing for causality between the foreign direct investment, current account deficit, GDP and total credit: Evidence from G7