Maltose-mediated long-term stabilization of freeze- and spray- dried forms of bovine and porcine hemoglobin

Slaughterhouse blood represents a valuable source of hemoglobin, which can be used in the production of heme-iron based supplements for the prevention/treatment of iron-deficiency anemia. In order to obtain a stable solid-state formulation, the effect of maltose addition (30 %) on the stability and storage of bovine and porcine hemoglobin in powders obtained by spray- and freeze-drying (without maltose: Hb; with maltose: HbM) were investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry of spray- and freeze-dried powders indicated satisfying quality of the formulation prepared with maltose on dissolving back into solution. After two-year storage at room temperature (20±5 °C) in solid forms, protected from moisture and light, rehydrated spray- and freeze-dried HbM were red, while Hb were brown. Dynamic light scattering showed the presence of native hemoglobin monomers in rehydrated spray- and freeze-dried HbM, but their agglomerates in Hb samples. UV–Vis spectrophotometry confirmed an absence of significant hemoglobin denaturation and methemoglobin formation in HbM freeze-dried powders. In spray-dried HbM, an increased level of methemoglobin was detected. The results confirmed the stabilizing effect of maltose, and suggested its use in the production of long-term stable solid-state formulations of hemoglobin, along with drying processes optimization.