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The objective of the study was to determine the origin and to reconstruct the  geological evolution of lignites from the Drmno field (Kostolac Basin,  Serbia). For this purpose petrological and organic geochemical analyses were  used. Coal from the Drmno field is typical humic coal. Peat-forming  vegetation dominated by decay of resistant gymnosperm (coniferous) plants,  followed by prokaryotic organisms and angiosperms. Coal forming plants  belonged to the gymnosperm families Taxodiaceae, Podocarpaceae, Cupressaceae,  Araucariaceae, Phyllocladaceae and Pinaceae. Peatification was performed in  neutral to slightly acidic, fresh water environment. Considering that organic  matter of Drmno lignites was deposited at the same time, in the relatively  constant climate, it could be supposed that climate probably had only small  impact on peatification. Therefore, variations in compositions of macerals  and biomarkers indicate changes in the water level, due to seasonal drying of  the mire, which caused vegetation differences in the palaeoplant communities  and changes of redox conditions (from anoxic to slightly oxic) during  peatification. Diagenetic transformations of the organic matter were mainly  governed by microbial activity, rather than thermal alteration

Drmno lignite field (Kostolac basin, Serbia): Origin and palaeoenvironmental implications from petrological and organic geochemical studies