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The effect of ZnO/PbO and FeOX/SiO2 on the viscosity of the PbO-ZnO-Fe3O4-SiO2-CaO slag was measured using the rotating spindle method. The slag viscosity decreased with decreasing ZnO/PbO mass ratio because of the depolymerization of the silicate structures. The viscosity decreased with increasing FeOX/SiO2 mass ratio as the experimental temperature was above 1623 K, while the viscosity increased significantly with the increase of FeOX/SiO2 as the experimental temperature below 1623 K because of the phase transition and the change of slag melting point. According to XRD analysis of as-quenched slag, the spinel and the zincite phase increased with increasing FeOX/SiO2. Increasing ZnO/PbO and FeOX/SiO2 could enhance the crystallization capacity of the slag. FTIR analysis revealed that the degree of polymerization of the as-quenched slags decreased with decreasing ZnO/PbO and increasing FeOX/SiO2. The temperature dependencies of the viscosity on ZnO/PbO and FeOX/SiO2 were investigated, and the apparent activation energies of each system were found to be between 169.5 to 227.4 KJ/mol, and 151.1 to 676.4 KJ/mol, respectively.

Effect of ZnO/PbO and FeOX/SiO2 ratio on the viscosity of lead smelting slags