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In the primary circuit of pressurized water reactors (PWR), the dynamic  sealing system in reactor coolant pumps is ensured by mechanical seals whose  ceramic parts are in contact with the cooling solution. During the  stretch-out phase in reactor operation, characterized by low boric acid  concentration, the leak-off flow has been observed to abnormally evolve in  industrial plants. The deposition of hematite particles, originating from  corrosion, on alumina seals of coolant pumps is suspected to be the cause.  As better understanding of the adhesion mechanism is the key factor in the  prevention of fouling and particle removal, an experimental study was  carried out using a laboratory set-up. With model materials, hematite and  sintered alumina, the adhesion rate and surface potentials of the  interacting solids were measured under different chemical conditions  (solution pH and composition) in analogy with the PWR ones. The obtained  results were in good agreement with the DLVO (Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-  Overbeek) theory and used as such to interpret this industrial phenomenon

Deposition of hematite particles on alumina seal faceplates of nuclear reactor coolant pumps: Laboratory experiments and industrial feedback