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There is increasing evidence that substances which are normally present in   human or animal bodies may, under the certain circumstances, exhibit   deleterious effects on genetic material, therefore acting as endogenous   mutagenic agents. Since hormones represent one of the best studied endogenous   mutagens, some research focused on the possible role of thyroid hormone in   mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Indeed, thyroid hormones accelerate aerobic   metabolism and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and, therefore,   may exhibit mutagenic effects in various test systems on mammalian cells.   However, possible mutagenic effects on prokaryotic DNA has not been   investigated so far. Hence, the aim of this research was to compare the   sensitivity of TA 100 Salmonella typhimurium with and without metabolic   activation with S9 fraction, and human lymphocytes to possible genotoxic   effects of triiodothyronine (T3). Therefore, we used the reverse mutation   assay on S. typhimurium (Ames test) and in vitro Comet assay in isolated   peripheral blood human lymphocytes. In both tests-systems a broad spectrum of   T3 concentrations was applied. The obtained results showed absence of   genotoxic effects of T3 in bacterial reverse mutation assay and very profound   genotoxic effects in human lymphocytes at concentrations higher than 15 ?M.   We only observed cytotoxic effects in bacterial system at very high T3   concentrations (300 and 500 ?M). In conclusion, T3 was unable to increase the   level of reverse mutations in Ames test both with and without S9 mix.   Therefore, it seems that ROS production in mitochondria may be the primary   cause of DNA damage caused by T3 in mammalian cells.

Genotoxicity of triiodothyronine: Effects on Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and human lymphocytes in vitro