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The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of social discord,   based on the analysis of early chapters of Niccolo Machiavelli’s Discourses   on Livy. I argue that, by deriving a broader philosophical concept from   Machiavelli’s peculiar position that strife between the plebs and the senate   made the Roman republic free and powerful (Machiavelli 1998: 16), we can   greatly enhance our understanding of not only some of the more original and   controversial positions within the Florentine theorist’s magnum opus, but   also of his thought in general. Furthermore, by analyzing crucial moments   within Machiavelli’s observation of the rise and fall of the Roman republic   through the lens of social discord, I argue that the concept can be   established as the foundation of his understanding of republicanism, while   contesting his designation of the people as the guardians of liberty.   Finally, I contrast the concept of social discord with that of social   conflict - a subtle and seemingly negligible distinction that can, in my   understanding of Machiavelli’s thought, nonetheless mean the difference   between a republic’s development and prosperity and its untimely downfall

Social discord as the foundation of republicanism in Machiavelli’s thought