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Exposure to increased cconcentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons  (PAHs) is associated with adverse health problems and specifically with  carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. The major PAH sources outdoors are:  stationary sources from industry (power plants, incineration, local industry)  and domestic sources as the residential heating, burning and pyrolysis of  coal, oil, gas, garbage, wood, or other organic substances mobile emissions  (diesel and petrol engines), biomass burning and agricultural activities  (e.g., open burning of brushwood, straw, stubble). The aim of this study was  to assess potential differences in particle-bound PAH levels and source  contribution between summer 2009 and 2012 sampling campaigns done at same  location in Belgrade urban area. The sampling location is considered  representative for a mix of residential, business and industrial areas of New  Belgrade, an urban area that has been under rapid development. The average  concentrations of PM10 are slightly higher in summer 2012 than in 2009.  PM-bound PAH follow the same trend as the PM indicating an increasing  strength of PAH sources relative to all PM sources. Appling Positive Matrix  Factorization, three potential sources of PAHs in the atmosphere were  distinguished: (1) stationary sources, (2) traffic (diesel and gasoline  vehicle exhaust) and (3) local open burning sources (OBS). The analysis  confirmed higher contribution of traffic and lower of OBS in summer 2012 than  in 2009, reflecting higher traffic volumes and absence of or lower local OBS  emissions due to burning wood, grass and domestic waste in 2012. [Projekat  Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. III41028]

Comparison of sources of urban ambient particle bound PAHs between non-heating seasons 2009 and 2012 in Belgrade, Serbia