Direct vs indirect behavioural observations in three Italian chicken breeds

Measuring beahaviour has already been a debated issue. The aim of this paper is to compare direct observations and observations by videotapes in three different Italian chicken breeds (Valdarnese Bianca, Bionda Piemontese, Robusta Maculata), in order to provide indications about the most suitable method in behavioural studies. The three breeds were reared in an experimental poultry house (10 birds=m 2 , standard intensive broiler production density). Fifty birds/breeds (sex ratio 1:1) were housed in litter floor pens and fed the same diet (ME 11.8MJ=Kg, CP 18%). The comparison between direct and indirect observation showed significant differences for almost each behavioural category. Activity and resting behaviour were generally well visible in both types of observations while feeding and mainly interaction were better identified with the direct observation.