Analysis of genetic variation in normal feathered, naked neck and fulani-ecotype nigerian indigenous chickens based on haemoglobin polymorphism

Haemoglobin polymorphism was investigated in 50 normal feathered, 33 naked neck and 42 Fulani-ecotype Nigerian indigenous chickens. Haemoglobin typing was carried out using cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Two co-dominant haemoglobin alleles (HbA and HbB) were found in the chickens. From the electrophoretic band patterns, three genotypes (HbAA, HbAB and HbBB) were observed. The frequencies of the A and B genes were 0.68 and 0.32; 0.71 and 0.29; 0.75 and 0.25 for normal feathered, naked neck and Fulani-ecotype chickens respectively. The corresponding genotype frequencies for AA, AB, and BB in the three chicken populations were 0.54, 0.28 and 0.18; 0.58, 0.27and 0.15; 0.62, 0.26 and 0.12 respectively. The gene and genotype frequencies of naked neck and Fulani-ecotype birds were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium while those of normal feathered birds deviated significantly from the theoretical proportions. The average amount of heterozygosity at haemoglobin locus was 0.41. The results obtained could serve as a reference point in the genetic improvement of indigenous chickens using biochemical markers.