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Actinomycetes are important producers of novel bioactive compounds. New   sources need to be explored for isolating previously unknown bioactive   compound-producing actinomycetes. Here we evaluated the potential of bark as   a natural source of novel bioactive actinomycete species. Bark samples were   collected from nine tree species at different elevations (1600-3400 ma.s.l.)   on Qin Mountain, Shaanxi Province, China. Actinomycetes were cultivated,   enumerated and isolated using serial dilution and spread-plate techniques.   The antimicrobial activity of actinomycete isolates was analyzed using an   agar block method against 15 typical bacterial and fungal species and plant   pathogens. The dominant isolates were identified by 16S rRNA-based sequence   analysis. Results showed that actinomycete counts in bark samples of Quercus   liaotungensis Koidz. was the highest among all trees species tested. The   numbers of actinomycete species in bark samples were highest in Q. aliena   var. acutiserrata and Spiraea alpina Pall. Antagonistic activity wasdetected   in approximately 54% of the actinomycete isolates. Of these, 20 isolates   (25%) showed broad-spectrum antagonistic activity against ≥5 of the   microorganisms tested. In conclusion, the bark on coniferous and broadleaf   trees possesses a high diversity of actinomycetes and serves as a natural   source of bioactive compound-producing actinomycetes

Isolation, identification and antagonistic activity evaluation of actinomycetes in barks of nine trees