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According to most recent findings, growth regulating factors (GRFs) are   plant-specific transcription factors (TFs) that play important roles in many   processes, including abiotic and biotic stress response mechanisms.   Completion of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genome project has   provided researchers with the opportunity to identify all GRF genes in this   species. With this aim, a genome-wide in silico study was performed and 10   GRF proteins (called PhvGRFs) were identified in the common bean genome.   Conserved and mandatory motifs (QLQ and WRC) were confirmed in all identified   PhvGRFs and two segmental duplication events were determined. Most of the   PhvGRFs were found to be more similar to Arabidopsis thaliana GRFs than to   Zea mays GRFs in a phylogenetic tree. According to the expression analysis of   10 PhvGRFs, inversely related expression patterns were observed in the roots   of Yakutiye and Zulbiye cultivars based on their capacity to adopt to drought   stress. After drought treatment of the Zulbiye cultivar, a drought-sensitive   common bean cultivar, PhvGRF1, PhvGRF2, PhvGRF3, PhvGRF5, PhvGRF6, PhvGRF9   and PhvGRF10 genes were upregulated 2- to 4-fold in root tissues, as compared   to the untreated control. The trend of PhvGRF1, PhvGRF2, PhvGRF3, PhvGRF5,   PhvGRF6, PhvGRF7, PhvGRF9 and PhvGRF10 genes showed a consistent decline of   2- to 6-fold in root tissues of the drought-tolerant Yakutiye cultivar   subjected to 24 h of drought stress. We demonstrated that the expression   patterns of the identified PhvGRFs correlated with the drought-stress   response in a cultivar-specific manner in the common bean. We suggest that   members of the GRF family can also be used for genetic engineering   applications in the common bean

archives of biological sciences

Genome-wide in silico identification, characterization and transcriptional analysis of the family of growth-regulating factors in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) subjected to polyethylene glycol-induced drought stress