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The properties of nanomaterials and their potential applications have been   given considerable attention by researchers in various fields, especially   agricultural biotechnology. However, not much has been done to evaluate the   role or effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) in regulating   physiological and biochemical processes in response to salt-induced stress.   For this purpose, some callus growth traits, plant regeneration rate, mineral   element (sodium, potassium, phosphorous and nitrogen) contents and changes in   the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)   in tissues of five tomato cultivars were investigated in a callus culture   exposed to elevated concentrations of salt (3.0 and 6.0 g L-1NaCl), and in   the presence of zinc oxide nanoparticles (15 and 30 mg L-1). The relative   callus growth rate was inhibited by 3.0 g L-1 NaCl; this was increased   dramatically at 6.0 g L-1. Increasing exposure to NaCl was associated with a   significantly higher sodium content and SOD and GPX activities. Zinc oxide   nanoparticles mitigated the effects of NaCl, and in this application of lower   concentrations (15 mg L-1) was more effective than a higher concentration (30   mg L-1). This finding indicates that zinc oxide nanoparticles should be   investigated further as a potential anti-stress agent in crop production.   Different tomato cultivars showed different degrees of tolerance to salinity   in the presence of ZnO-NP. The cultivars Edkawy, followed by Sandpoint, were   less affected by salt stress than the cultivar Anna Aasa

archives of biological sciences

Impact of application of zinc oxide nanoparticles on callus induction, plant regeneration, element content and antioxidant enzyme activity in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) under salt stress