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The right choice of tree species to form forest cultures is of paramount   importance to the preservation of the diversity, fertility and ecological   stability of forest ecosystems. To that end, we examined the effect of a   40-year-long cultivation of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb) Franco)   on the floristic composition, characteristics of the forest floor, physical   and chemical properties of the soil and the intensity of organic matter   decomposition in a beech forest in western Serbia (Mt. Maljen). It was found   that the cultivation of Douglas fir caused a reduction in biodiversity,   changes in the chemical properties of the soil, that were most pronounced in   the surface layers (0-10 cm), and a slowing down in the metabolism of the   beech stand. The absence of many plant species characteristic to natural   beech forests was observed in the Douglas fir plantation, these were   reflected in the detected changes in the chemical properties of the soil,   such as lower substitutional acidity (p<0.05), depletion of the adsorption of   basis in the cation complex (p<0.001) and lower amounts of C, N, P (p<0.001)   and K (p<0.01) in relation to the beech stand (control). No differences were   found in soil moisture and active acidity levels. The higher value of the C/N   ratio of the Douglas fir litter (p<0.001) provided proof for its lower   decomposition rate compared to beech litter (p<0.05). Over time, all these   changes could lead to further acidification and degradation of the soil and a   reduction in this ecosystem’s productivity

The effects of Douglas fir monoculture on stand characteristics in a zone of Montane beech forest