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DNA markers have become effective tools in genetic diversity studies of   forest trees. However, molecular marker analyses are associated with   laborious and costly effort. One of the possibilities to overcome these   constraints is to analyze bulked samples per population, rather than   individual plants. We have used bulked DNA-based AFLP analysis to investigate   genetic variations in Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) from the IUFRO 1982   provenance trial in Kórnik (western Poland). Four AFLP primer combinations   yielded a total of 309 bands, of which 208 (67.31%) were polymorphic.   Thirty-six (11.65%) unique alleles were deployed randomly among the   populations. Estimated genetic diversity and differentiation was high, as   expressed by He = 0.238 and I = 0.356, and by genetic distance values which   ranged from 0.154 to 0.363. A geographic pattern of interpopulation   differentiation was observed, pointing to the individual character of   populations from northeastern Europe. In the light of available data, we   discuss the influence of historical migration routes, gene flow and human   activity on observed genetic diversity and differentiation of Scots pine in   Europe. Our results indicate that the AFLP method applied to DNA templates   extracted from bulked leaf samples provides an efficient approach to   elucidate genetic diversity and relationships among Scots pine populations

Genetic diversity and differentiation of Pinus sylvestris L. from the IUFRO 1982 provenance trial revealed by AFLP analysis