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Modified incubation factors affect skeletal musculature development of   broiler chickens during embryonic and postnatal periods of development. These   changes appear to have great influence on the proliferation of myoblasts and   muscle growth after hatching. In this study, the histomorphological and   -morphometric parameters of broiler chicken leg musculature, after thermal   and light treatments during embryogenesis, were examined. The applied   treatments included thermal manipulation (exposure of fertilized eggs to   increased temperature), light manipulation (exposure of fertilized eggs to   monochromatic green light) and simultaneous thermal and light manipulations.   Following the specific parameters that were observed, it was determined that   in the late postnatal period of development, treated groups have a larger   diameter and smaller nucleocytoplasmic ratio of muscle cells compared to   those of the control group, in which fertilized eggs were incubated at a   constant temperature of 37.8°C, without light. Diameter was increased by   4.20%, 3.77% and 4.55% on day 42 after hatching in thermal, light and   combined thermal and light treated groups, respectively, compared to the   control. The nucleocytoplasmic ratio was increased by 37.5% on day 42 after   hatching in the control group compared to all treated groups. The volume   density of the muscle connective tissue was approximately at the same level   between the groups. It can be concluded that thermal and light treatments   stimulate the proliferation of myoblasts and enhance development and growth   of leg muscles in broiler chickens. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike   Srbije, br. TR 31033i br. OI173009

The effects of thermal and light exposure on the development of broiler chicken leg musculature