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Among bacterial infections associated with hepatic cirrhosis, the most common   is spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). Despite different protective   measures, such as early diagnosis, therapy with albumin and the introduction   of new antibiotics, the prognosis of these patients remains poor, with a   mortality rate of 20-40%. In this context, the identification of patients   with increased risk of death is extremely important for improving the   prognosis. Thus, there is growing interest for studying the effects and   mechanisms of oxidative stress, considering the requirements for identifying   new substances with hepatoprotective functions and reducing various adverse   effects. In this study, we assessed oxidative stress markers, the antioxidant   enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the marker of lipid peroxidation,   malondialdehyde (MDA), in the serum and ascitic fluid in patients with   decompensated cirrhosis and SBP, in patients diagnosed with decompensated   liver cirrhosis with ascites and in patients with compensated liver   cirrhosis. Increased oxidative stress, demonstrated by a significant decrease   of SOD and increase in MDA levels, was observed in patients with   decompensated cirrhosis and SBP, compared with those without SBS, as well as   those with compensated liver cirrhosis. Measuring these oxidative stress   markers could have a fundamental importance in the diagnosis, treatment and   follow-up of this liver pathology

The relevance of oxidative stress balance (Superoxide dismutase versus malondialdehyde) in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis