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Macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae and in group A streptococci   (GAS) is a significant problem worldwide. In Serbia, data on the mechanisms   of resistance and the corresponding resistance genes in streptococci are   largely lacking. Therefore, we analyzed the distribution of macrolide   resistance phenotypes and genotypes in 44 macrolideresistant GAS (MRGAS) and   50 macrolide-resistant S. pneumoniae (MRSP) isolates collected in the same   period. The double disk diffusion test and PCR were used to analyze   resistance phenotypes and resistance genes, respectively. Among MRSP, the   MLSB phenotype dominated, whereas the M phenotype was the most prevalent   among MRGAS isolates. Consequently, in MRSP, the ermB gene was the most   common (n=40, 80%), followed by the mefA gene (n=7,14%). In MRGAS strains,   mefA dominated (n=27,61%), followed by ermA (n=15, 33%) and ermB (n=3, 7%).   In 3 MRSP isolates no resistance genes were detected, while one MRGAS strain   with iMLSB phenotype harbored both ermA and mefA genes

Distribution of macrolide-resistant genes among isolates of macrolideresistant Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae in Serbia