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Different factors seem to contribute to cognitive impairment in the elderly   population. It is unclear which cardiovascular risk factors are the most   significant contributors to cognitive decline. Although there is some recent   neuropathological evidence that vascular lesions and atherosclerotic   occlusion of the cerebral arteries may unmask or strengthen the clinical   expression of cognitive decline and dementia, there is still little knowledge   about the relevance of echocardiographic and arterial stiffness markers as   predictors for cognitive decline. In the present study we decided to   investigate whether and how the severity of cognitive impairment could be   related to cerebral hemodynamic impairment, as well as the possible   contribution of the alterations in cerebral hemodynamics (as expressed   through some echocardiographic and arterial stiffness markers) to the   progression of cognitive decline in a group of patients with cognitive   impairments, as compared to a control group with no cognitive deficits. The   main finding of our study indicated significant differences in terms of   echocardiographic and arterial stiffness markers between the two groups, one   composed of patients with cognitive impairment and one with normal-cognitive   patients, which suggests an association between these parameters and poor   cognitive function. While these functional changes of the cerebral vessel   functions could have an important role in the pathogenesis of dementia, the   identification of simple and accurate measures that are acceptable to   patients and can serve as indicators of current cognitive impairment or the   risk of cognitive decline could be very helpful in developing long-term   preventive and therapeutic treatments for these patients

Establishing echocardiographic and arterial stiffness markers as predictors of cognitive decline