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Penile cancer, which is a considerable challenge for countries in the   developing world, is a mutilated affection for the patient, considering both   the local modifications that are determined by it, as well as from the   treatment point of view. In this way, for the more advanced disease phase,   aggressive therapy with partial or total penectomy is still the conventional   and necessary treatment. There are very few studies about the extent and   nature of the psychological effects of penile cancer. Thus, considering that   psychological/psychiatric dysfunctions in patients with penectomy are likely   to be common and taking into account the current contradictions that exist   regarding this area of research, we decided to evaluate the impact of penile   cancer and/or partial or total penectomy on levels of anxiety and depression,   as studied through some specific scales such as the Hamilton Rating Scale for   Depression (HAM-D) and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). We found   increased anxiety and depression, especially in the case of the group with   total penectomy, but also in the biopsy group, which comprised patients that   had lesions in the terminal stage, such as an inextirpable tumor. The most   reduced levels of depression and anxiety were observed in the postectomy   group. Our findings presented here and further knowledge about the   psychological, social and sexual aspects of these specific patients will help   health professionals and organizations to identify treatment options and/or   make recommendations for rehabilitation and support services. Additionally,   there is a continuous need to identify and assess proper scales to measure   the psychological/psychiatric trauma in this group of patients, as well as   focusing on the identification of the exact patients that require   professional psychological intervention

Psychological/psychiatric trauma in patients with penile cancer and partial or total penectomy