English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Radiation is an important modality for cervical and upper-thoracic esophageal  squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Delineating the lymph node clinical target  volume (CTVn) for EC remains a challenging task. The present paper  retrospectively analyzes the distribution of affected lymph nodes of cervical  and upper thoracic ESCC on CT images to provide a reference for determination  of CTVn. The cases of untreated cervical or upper-thoracic ESCC patients with  regional lymph node metastases at diagnosis were retrospectively analyzed. CT  scans were done to assess the extent of circumferential involvement and the  local-regional lymph node status. Based on the CT criteria (cervical,  mediastinal and upper abdominal lymph nodes were considered to be positive  for malignancy when they were larger than 8-12 mm in short-axis diameter  according to different station respectively). Detailed lymph node stations  were recorded for every case and the distribution information of  loco-regional node metastasis for these patients was analyzed. A total of 256  patients were diagnosed with node metastasis and qualified for the study,  including 206 men and 50 women (age range 37-85 years, median 60). This  included 205 upper thoracic cases and 51 of cervical lesion. The length of  the primary tumors ranged from 1.0 cm to 9.0 cm, median 4.5 cm. The size of  the enlarged lymph nodes ranged from 0.8 to 5.0 cm median 1.4 cm, mean 1.61  cm. The number of involved stations ranged from 1 to 7 median 2. The lymph  node stations, with an involved probability of 10% or more, included the  upper and middle neck, supraclavicular and lower neck, upper paraesophageal  and upper paratracheal area for cervical lesions, and the supraclavicular and  lower neck, upper paraesophageal, upper paratracheal, lower paratracheal,  aortopulmonary and subcarinal areas for upper thoracic EC, respectively. The  mid-upper neck nodes were more likely to be involved in cervical EC than  thoracic EC (X 2 test, p=0.000). Fewer cervical EC involved the station 7  nodes than upper thoracic EC(X 2 test, p=0.006), and the supraclavicular  nodes were more often involved in cervical lesions than upper thoracic  lesions (X 2 test, p=0.029). However, the abdominal nodes showed a similar  possibility of involvement (X 2 test, p=0.546). Our data suggest that the  periesophageal and supraclavicular stations are the predominant involved  areas for cervical and upper EC cases. The neck and upper mediastinal nodal  station (above the arcus aortae level) should be electively irradiated for  cervical EC and the supraclavicular, upper mediastinal and subcarinal area  (station 7) should be included for upper thoracic EC. This study provides  complementary data for the CTVn delineation, especially for advanced stage  ESCC

Determining the lymph node clinical target volume of upper esophageal carcinoma with computed tomography