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The river snail (Viviparus acerosus) from the Velika Morava River, Serbia was  chosen in our study in order to determine seasonal changes in oxidative  stress biomarkers between July (summer) and September (autumn). The  activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione  peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR) and the phase II  biotransformation enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST), as well as the  concentration of total glutathione (GSH), were examined in the whole body of  the river snails. The obtained results show significantly higher activities  of CAT, GSH-Px, GR and biotransformation phase II enzyme GST in September  compared to July, while the GSH concentration was lower. There was no general  trend in the seasonal changes in the activity of SOD. The presented data show  that animals in their natural environment are exposed to constant  fluctuations of environmental conditions that could cause antioxidants to  exhibit seasonal variations. This fact should be considered as an important  variable in the interpretation of results in biomonitoring studies.  [Acknowledgments. This study was supported by the Ministry of Education and  Science of the Republic of Serbia, Grants Nos. 173041 and 173025

Seasonal changes in oxidative stress biomarkers of the snail Viviparus acerosus from the Velika Morava River, Serbia