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Glutamine synthetase (GS) is a key nitrogen-assimilating enzyme in plants and  a target for the broad-spectrum herbicide glufosinate. Understanding its  kinetic and structural properties is of major agricultural importance.  Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) is classified as a plant expressing only  chloroplastic GS activity. We have analyzed soluble proteins in the spinach  by coupling native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE)-activity  detection, based on phosphate precipitation, with SDS-PAGE/immunoblotting.  One cytosolic (GS1) isoform from the roots and two chloroplastic (GS2)  isoforms expressed in leaves were resolved by native PAGE. The identity of  the obtained bands was established by the application of GS-specific  inhibitors, L-methionine sulfoximine and glufosinate. Examination by sodium  dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-PAGE/ Western analysis with anti-GS antibodies,  confirmed the identity of the active bands and revealed that both  chloroplastic isoforms are composed of 44 kDa subunits, while the cytosolic  isoform consists of 40 kDa subunits. The presence of more GS2 isozymes than  encoded in the spinach genome is discussed in terms of posttranslational  modifications

Coupling native page/activity-staining with SDS-PAGE/immunodetection for the analysis of glutamine synthetase isoforms in spinach