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Association of milk production level and milk urea content with date and effi ciency of fi rst insemination service in cows. The aim of the study was to analyse the association between milk yield, fi rst insemination date and effi ciency of the fi rst insemination service in cows. The experiment involved 391 Polish Holstein-Friesian cows (Black-and-White type), which were used in the years 2011–2016 on a farm located in the Małopolska region. Cows that had completed their fi rst three lactations were selected for the study. Animals were kept in a loose-housing system and fed total mixed rations (TMR). For each cow, data on whole lactation and 305-day lactation milk yields were obtained from milk recording reports. Milk urea content was also observed for the fi rst three test-day yields of the cows in each lactation. Furthermore, the number of days from calving to fi rst insemination as well as effi ciency of the fi rst insemination were noted. Whole milk yield of lactation averaged 11,900 kg and milk urea content ranged from 161 mg/l in the fi rst lactation to 198 mg/l in the third. The number of days from calving to fi rst insemination was 75, 81 and 80 in the fi rst, second and third lactation, respectively. Effi ciency of the fi rst insemination service averaged 19.83% and showed a downward trend. It was highest (22.13%) in the fi rst and lowest (15.17%) in the third lactation. Positive correlations were observed between milk yield level and number of days from calving to fi rst insemination; the highest coeffi cient of correlation (r = 0.16) was calculated for the fi rst lactation and it was highly signifi cant. The correlation coeffi cients between milk yield and effi ciency of the fi rst insemination service were generally very low (from – 0.06 to 0.06) and statistically insignifi cant. Likewise, the coeffi cients of correlation between the cows’ milk urea content and fi rst insemination date and success were very low and statistically insignifi cant. In summary, it is concluded that the increasing milk yield of the cows delayed the date of fi rst insemination. Effi ciency of the fi rst insemination service was very low, but one of the possible reasons were estrus detection errors.

Association of milk production level and milk urea content with date and efficiency of the first insemination service in cows