Late Pleistocene and Holocene climatic variability in the Carpathian-Balkan region

VOLUMEGEOREVIEW From this perspective, a sedimentary lacustrine sequence located in the Eastern Carpathians,Northern Romania, has been subjected to multi-proxy analyses with the purpose ofreconstructing local environmental changes in response to climatic variability and human impact.The sequence (4 .1 m long) covering the last millennium is layered throughout and offers anexcellent opportunity for high-resolution past environmental reconstruction. The study site,ha, with 4.4 m maximum water depth (in 2010) (M indrescu et al., 2013). The lake catchment andsurrounding area (Fig. 1) are highly susceptible to slope movement due to their geology (i.e.,flysch), terrain gradients and climate parameters (heavy and prolonged rainfall, especially duringearly spring and summer; high soil moisture levels ensured by the generally cool climate). Methods and results The methods employed in this study are sediment geochemical characteristics (elementalcomposition, organic matter and carbonate content), physical properties (water content ofsediment, mineral magnetic properties, grain size), as well as biological indicators (treemacrofossils and pollen). The chronology of the entire sequence was established on four AMSradiocarbon measurements performed at Hertelendi Laboratory of Environmental Studies inDebrecen, Hungary (Fig. 2).