Cytotoxic Effect of Brassica oleracea Extract on two Tumor Cell Lines in vitro

This study was conducted to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of B. oleracea oil extract on cancer cell lines and normal cell line in vitro. Two types of tumor cell lines implanted in vitro which were (murine mammary adenocarcinoma, Ahmed-Mohammed-Nahi-2003 (AMN-3) cell line and human Rabdomyosarcama RD cell line). In addition, rat embryo fibroblasts (REF) was used as a normal cell line in this study. Tissue culture plates under sterile condition were treated with different concentrations of B. oleracea extract started from 2.3mg/ml to 300mg/ml for 72 hrs incubation. Results pointed out that B. oleracea extract had a cytotoxic effect depending on the type of cells and the concentration of the extract used for treatment. Results revealed the presence of significant cytotoxic effect on both RD and REF cell lines at concentrations (9.3, 18.7, 37.5 and 75) with percentage of inhibition rate as compared with control and there was not significant effect on AMN3 cell line. Also results showed that growth inhibition was significantly affected and variation in inhibition rate in the same concentration was detected between tumor cell lines and normal cells in this study. Keyword: B. oleracea extract, Cytotoxic effect, Tumor cell lines, in vitro. Introduction In recent years, chemoprevention has attached two considerable attentions as a mean of blocking malignant transformation in its early stages and disease progression in later stages [1, 2]. Herbal medicine is still the most common source for primary health care of about 6580% of the world’s population, mainly in developing countries, because of better cultural acceptability, better compatibility with the human body and fewer side effects. Leaves, flowers, stems, roots, seeds, fruit and bark can all be constituents of herbal medicines [3]. The medicinal values of these plants lie in their phytochemical components which produce definite physiological actions on the human body [4, 5]. The most important of these components are alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and phenolic compounds [6]. Brassica genus is native in the wild in western Europe, the Mediterranean and temperate regions of Asia. In addition to the cultivated species, which are grown world wide, many of the wild species grow as weeds, especially in North America, South America, and Australia [7,8]. It is important genus in the Brassicaceae family, several species and types of Brassicas are significant oilseed crops, vegetables, forage crops, and are used in the production of condiments, such as mustard, Brassica species are widely used in the cuisine of many cultures and recognized as a valuable source of dietary. Fiber and contain little fat, and source of vitamins and minerals [9]. They also contain a large number of novel phytochemicals, some of which protect against carcinogenesis. Hence, Brassicas are believed to be useful in the prevention of cancer [10, 11, 12]. The objectives of the study were to study the cytotoxic effects of Brassica extract against normal cell line and cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods Chemical reagents RPMI-1640 Medium, Fetal Calf Serum (FCS), Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS), Penicillin G, Streptomycin, Glucose, (HEPES) and Neutral Red were obtained from Sigma, USA. Trypsin, Ethylene Diamine Tetra-Acetic Acid (EDTA), Na2HPO4, Ethanol and Sodium Bicarbonate were obtained from BDH. Extraction of plant material A quantity of 30g of plant seeds were obtained from (College of Pharmacy/ Baghdad